Browsing by Author "Islam, Md Sofiqul"

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Exploring Salivary Alpha-Amylase as a Biomarker in Periodontitis: A Comparative Analysis of Disease Stages and Clinical Correlations
(Current Issues in Molecular Biology, 2024) Hashim, Nada Tawfig; Fathima, Sadiah; Hisham, Nurain Mohammad; Shivappa, Pooja; Magaogao, Michael V.; Islam, Md Sofiqul; Ahmed, Sara Faisal; Babiker, Rasha; Rahman, MuhammedMustahsen
Periodontal disease, characterized by bacterial plaque accumulation and subsequent im muneresponse, can lead to gingivitis and periodontitis if untreated. Salivary alpha-amylase (sAA) has emerged as a potential biomarker with implications in periodontal disease progression. Objec tives: This study aimed to assess and compare salivary alpha-amylase levels in individuals with periodontitis and healthy controls and to investigate its relationship with clinical parameters of periodontal disease. Forty-five participants were categorized into periodontally healthy (n = 13), Stage I and II Periodontitis (n = 17), and Stage III and IV periodontitis (n = 15) groups. Saliva samples were collected and analyzed using ELISA kits. Statistical analyses included tests for normality, group comparisons, post hoc analysis, and correlation analysis. Significant differences in salivary alpha-amylase levels were observed among severity groups (p < 0.05), with higher levels in periodon titis patients than healthy controls. Spearman correlation revealed moderate positive associations between alpha-amylase levels and probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment loss (CAL). Elevated salivary alpha-amylase levels were found to be associated with more severe periodontal disease, suggesting its potential as a biomarker for periodontitis severity. These findings support the utility of salivary biomarkers in periodontal disease diagnosis and monitoring, although further validation and standardization are warranted for clinical application.
The Impact of Ozone on Periodontal Cell Line Viability and Function
(Current Issues in Molecular Biology, 2025) Hashim, Nada Tawfig; Babiker, Rasha; Dasnadi, Shahistha Parveen; Islam, Md Sofiqul; Chaitanya, Nallan CSK; Mohammed, Riham; Farghal, Nancy Soliman; Gobara, Bakri; Rahman, Muhammed Mustahsen
Periodontal diseases, including gingivitis and periodontitis, are chronic inflam matory conditions of the teeth’ supporting structures that can lead to progressive tissue destruction and loss if left untreated. Basic treatments like scaling and root planing, alone or combined with antimicrobial agents, are the standard of care. However, with the increas ing prevalence of antibiotic resistance and the need for new ideas in therapy, adjunctive treatments like ozone therapy have gained attention. Ozone (O3), a triatomic oxygen molecule, is used because of its strong antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and regenera tive activity and, hence, as a potential tool in periodontal therapy. This review of the use of ozone therapy in periodontal disease breaks down the multifaceted mechanism of ozone therapy, which includes the selective antimicrobial action against biofilm-associated pathogens, immunomodulatory effects on host cells, and stimulation of tissue repair. O3 therapy disrupts microbial biofilms, enhances immune cell function, and promotes healing by activating Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 (Nrf2) and Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways that regulate oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. Additional findings include its ability to upregulate growth factors and extracellular matrix proteins, which is significant for periodontal tissue regeneration. This review also discusses the application of O3 therapy in periodontal cell lines, emphasizing its impact on cell viability, proliferation, and differentiation. Advances in periodontal re generative techniques, combined with the antimicrobial and healing properties of O3, have demonstrated significant clinical benefits. Challenges, including the need for standardized dosages, effective delivery systems, and long-term studies, are also addressed to ensure safe and effective clinical integration. O3 therapy, with its dual antimicrobial and regenerative capabilities, offers an innovative adjunctive approach to periodontal treatment. Future research focusing on optimized protocols and evidence-based guidelines is essential to fully realize its potential in enhancing periodontal health and improving patient outcomes.