Research Papers

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Start date: 2024Subject: search.filters.subject.periodontal disease

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    Gum Arabic as a potential candidate in quorum quenching and treatment of periodontal diseases
    (Frontiers in Oral Health, 2024) Hashim, Nada Tawfig; Babiker, Rasha; Rahman, Mohammed Mustahsen; Chaitanya, Nallan C. S. K.; Mohammed, Riham; Dasnadi, Shahistha Parveen; Gismalla, Bakri Gobara
    Periodontal diseases are chronic inflammatory conditions influenced by bacterial biofilm formation and host immune responses, affecting millions worldwide. Traditional treatments like mechanical debridement and systemic antibiotics often face limitations, including biofilm resilience and antibiotic resistance. Gum Arabic (GA), a natural exudate from Acacia trees, presents a promising alternative with its anti-biofilm and anti-inflammatory properties. This review highlights the role of GA in periodontal therapy, particularly its ability to interfere with quorum sensing (QS) pathways, specifically the AI-2 signaling system used by key periodontal pathogens such as Porphyromonas gingivalis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, andFusobacterium nucleatum. By disrupting QS, GA inhibits biofilm formation, reduces bacterial virulence, and promotes a balanced oral microbiome. GA’s prebiotic properties also encourage the growth of beneficial bacteria, enhancing the host’s immune response while preserving the systemic microbiome. Clinical studies demonstrate GA’s effectiveness as an adjunct in periodontal therapy, with significant reductions in plaque accumulation, gingival inflammation, and bleeding. This highlights GA’spotential as a natural therapeutic agent, offering an effective, antibiotic-sparing option in managing periodontal disease. However, further research is warranted to fully establish GA’s role in comprehensive periodontal care and its long-term benefits.
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    The Global Burden of Periodontal Disease: A Narrative Review on Unveiling Socioeconomic and Health Challenges
    (International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2025) Hashim, Nada Tawfig; Babiker, Rasha; Padmanabhan, Vivek; Ahmed, Azza Tagelsir; Chaitanya, Nallan C. S. K.; Mohammed, Riham; Priya, Sivan Padma; Ahmed, Ayman; El Bahra, Shadi; Islam, Md Sofiqul; Gismalla, Bakri Gobara; Rahman, Muhammed Mustahsen
    Abstract: Periodontal disease is a prevalent chronic inflammatory condition that impacts over a billion people worldwide, leading to substantial tooth loss, reduced quality of life, and heightened systemic health risks. This narrative review synthesizes current evidence regarding the global burden of periodontal disease, its established associations with systemic conditions including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, adverse pregnancy outcomes, respiratory infections, and neurodegenerative disorders, and its significant socioeconomic implications. The review focused on the following research question: What is the global burden of periodontal disease, and how do its systemic and socioeconomic implications necessitate integrated public health strategies? A structured search of the PubMed,Scopus, andWHOdatabasesfrom2000to2024wasconductedtoidentifyrelevant literature using key terms, including “periodontal disease”, “global burden”, “systemic inflammation”, and “public health strategies”. Out of 312 initially identified articles, 175 satisfied the inclusion criteria for the final synthesis. The findings underscore the significance of periodontal disease as a modifiable risk factor for various noncommunicable diseases, the influence of healthcare disparities on disease progression, and the critical necessity for integrated public health strategies to mitigate the global burden of periodontal disease and its consequences. The review concludes that coordinated policy reform, health system integration, and enhanced research efforts are crucial for mitigating the global burden of periodontal disease and advancing health equity.
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    NewInsights in Natural Bioactive Compounds for Periodontal Disease: Advanced Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential
    (Molecules, 2025) Hashim, Nada Tawfig; Babiker, Rasha; Chaitanya, Nallan C. S. K.; Mohammed, Riham; Priya, Sivan Padma; Padmanabhan, Vivek; Ahmed, Ayman; Dasnadi, Shahista Parveen; Islam, Md Sofiqul; Gismalla, Bakri Gobara; Rahman, Muhammed Mustahsen
    Abstract: Periodontal disease is a chronic inflammatory condition that destroys the tooth supporting structures due to the host’s immune response to microbial biofilms. Traditional periodontal treatments, such as scaling and root planing, pharmacological interventions, and surgical procedures, have significant limitations, including difficulty accessing deep periodontal pockets, biofilm recolonization, and the development of antibiotic resistance. In light of these challenges, natural bioactive compounds derived from plants, herbs, and other natural sources offer a promising alternative due to their anti-inflammatory, an tioxidant, antimicrobial, and tissue-regenerative properties. This review focuses on the molecular mechanisms through which bioactive compounds, such as curcumin, resveratrol, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), baicalin, carvacrol, berberine, essential oils, and Gum Arabic, exert therapeutic effects in periodontal disease. Bioactive compounds inhibit critical inflammatory pathways like NF-κB, JAK/STAT, and MAPK while activating protective pathways such as Nrf2/ARE, reducing cytokine production and oxidative stress. They also inhibit the activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), preventing tissue degradation and promoting healing. In addition, these compounds have demonstrated the potential to disrupt bacterial biofilms by interfering with quorum sensing, targeting bacterial cell membranes, and enhancing antibiotic efficacy.Bioactive compounds also modulate the immune system by shifting the balance from pro-inflammatory to anti-inflammatory re sponses andpromotingefferocytosis, which helps resolve inflammation and supports tissue regeneration. However, despite the promising potential of these compounds, challenges related to their poor bioavailability, stability in the oral cavity, and the absence of large-scale clinical trials need to be addressed. Future strategies should prioritize the development of advanced delivery systems like nanoparticles and hydrogels to enhance bioavailability and sustain release, alongside long-term studies to assess the effects of these compounds in human populations. Furthermore, combining bioactive compounds with traditional treatments could provide synergistic benefits in managing periodontal disease. This review aims to explore the therapeutic potential of natural bioactive compounds in managing peri strategies should prioritize the development of advanced delivery systems like nanoparticles and hydrogels to enhance bioavailability and sustain release, alongside long-term studies to assess the effects of these compounds in human populations. Furthermore, combining bioactive compounds with traditional treatments could provide synergistic benefits in managing periodontal disease. This review aims to explore the therapeutic potential of natural bioactive compounds in managing periodontal disease, emphasizing their molecular mechanisms of action and offering insights into their integration with conventional therapies for a more comprehensive approach to periodontal health. odontal disease, emphasizing their molecular mechanisms of action and offering insights into their integration with conventional therapies for a more comprehensive approach to periodontal heal

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