Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences
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Item IMPACT OF ANALYTICAL ERROR IN AN ESTIMATION OF LIVER ENZYMES(European Journal of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2018) Suliman,Rowa; Modawe,Gad Allah; Akasha,Rihab; Mahdi,Mohammed ABackgrounds: Laboratory professionals should produce accurate, sensitive and specific information using new age technologies to guide clinical decision making. It is the role of laboratory professionals to inform physicians about which tests have the highest effectiveness in given clinical conditions. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the analytical errors of liver enzymes, and also the AST, ALT and ALP levels are a valuable aid primarily in the diagnosis of liver disease. Methodology: cross sectioned study was conducted during the period of the November to April 2013, to measure the accuracy and precision of laboratories by estimation of AST, ALT and ALP in normal and pathological control sera in 10 clinical laboratories in Khartoum state, Sudan. The percentage were used to assess the laboratories quality management requirement of each selected laboratories. Results: The study showed that10% of total laboratories give excellent level for normal and pathological control materials of AST, ALT and ALP while 60% of total laboratory gives poor level for normal and 50% for pathological for AST, 70% of total laboratory gives poor level for normal and 60% for pathological for ALT and 90% of total laboratory gives poor level for normal and70%for pathological for ALP. Conclusions: In spite of all these laboratory have Implementation of quality control procedures, Documentation and interpretation of control material results, and the instrument used to estimate liver enzymes is automated machine and calibration was done daily by senior staff, there is a variation between AST, ALT and ALP analytical results among the normal and pathological level due to technical problems such as inappropriate sample handling, failure to calibrate pipettes. Based on this result we conclude that the absence of total quality management especially the adopted quality requirement for clinical chemistry laboratories lead to gap of implementation and weak laboratory performance.Item Evaluation between estimated and calculated plasma low density lipoproteins(Advanced Research Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 2014) Mahdi,Mohammed A; Modawe,GadAllah; Amanullah,Mohammed; Zaman,Gaffar Sarwar; Abd Elrouf,Mohamed BabikerIncreased LDL level is one of the major causes of heart disease including arteriosclerosis. Hence an accurate and timely measure of LDL can prevent the incidence of cardiac disorders. In the present study we compared the results between directly measured plasma LDL and calculated LDL. The LDL level was measured by colorimetric method and the calculation was done using friedwald’s equation in hyperlipidemic patients and healthy populations. We aimed to measure the accuracy of colorimetric method and fridwald’s equation in the estimation of plasma LDL in hyperlipidemic patients and healthy populations and assess if there is correlation between cholesterol level and LDL level thereby prevent false diagnosis due to false or inaccurate results . 2.5ml of blood was taken in lithium heparin container from 50 hyperlipidemic and normal populations, then centrifuged at 4000r.p.m for 3mins, the plasma was separated. Estimation of cholesterol, triglyceride and LDL was done using the routine reagents. Control sera (normal and pathologic) were used for every patch, after incubation the reaction color was read in a colorimeter (JENWAY 6051), beer, s and lambert, s law was used to measure the concentrations of the samples. Then for the same samples the Fridwald’s equation was used to calculate the LDL level. Mean value of 139.5 mg/dl, and a standard deviation of 37.44 was found for the hyperlipidemic patient’s LDL level by direct measurement and a mean of 136.5 mg/dl, and a standard deviation of 43.90 was found by using the Fridwald’s equation. The p value was found equal to 0.624, which is statistically insignificant. Also a mean of 73.6 mg/dl, and a standard deviation of 17.65 was found for the normal subjects LDL level by direct measure, and a mean of 71.2 mg/dl and a standard deviation of 22.50 was found by using the equation. The p value was found equal to 0.60 which is statistically insignificant. A moderate correlation of 0.48 was found between patient’s cholesterol and LDL levels. Also a moderate correlation of 0.49 was found between normal subject’s cholesterol and LDL level. We conclude that both Fridewald’s equation and direct colorimetric method can be used for routine LDL levels because it gives acceptable results. Moreover there is a correlation between cholesterol level and LDL level.Item ASSESSMENT OF FREE PROSTATIC SPECIFIC ANTIGEN/TOTAL PROSTATIC SPECIFIC ANTIGEN RATIO, LIPOPROTEINS, ESTRADIOL AND C – REACTIVE PROTEIN IN PROSTATIC TUMORS(WORLD JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES, 2018) Mahdi,Mohammed A; Akasha,Rihab; Modawe,Gad Allah; Sharfy,Abd Alrauf; Khattab,Abd ElHafiz HBackground: Prostate tumors, especially prostate cancer have severe complications such as spreading to neighboring organs. Objectives: This study was performed to compare between levels of free prostatic specific antigen (fPSA)/ total prostatic specific antigen (tPSA) ratio, lipoproteins, estradiol and C-reactive protein with prostatic cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia patients. Materials & Methods: This study was designed as prospective case control and it was done in Soba University hospital and Khartoum Teaching hospital in Khartoum state. It was performed on 200 men (50–65 years old); 100 healthy individuals as controls and 100 patients; 50 patients with prostate cancer and 50 with benign prostate hyperplasia who were diagnosed by biopsy and histopathology. Results: There was significant increase in the mean value of total PSA in PCa patients and BPH more than controls with (P-value 0.003). Free PSA also showed significant increase in PCa patients and BPH more than controls with (P-value 0.040). The ratio of free to total PSA was decreased in PCa patients (7 %), but increased in BPH (34 %) and in control (67 %) with P-value (0.000). The mean value of serum cholesterol, triglyceride, n LDL and HDL were significantly low in PCa than BPH and control with (P-value 0.035, 0.000, 0.015 and 0.002) respectively. The mean of serum Estradiol level and CRP was increase in PCa than BPH and control with (P- value 0.025 and 0.000) respectively. Conclusion: Serum fPSA/tPSA ratio was less than 25% in patients with PCa. Total cholesterol, HDL and LDL were low in concentration in PCa patients than in those with BPH patients and control. Serum Estradiol levels increases in PCa patients more than in BPH patients and control. Serum CRP concentration was higher in PCa patients than in those with BPH and control.Item Measurement of Lipid Profiles in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction in Different Anti-Coagulants(International Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences, 2014) Maaz,Rana; Dafalla,Mustafa; Khogali,Tawfig; Mahdi,Mohammed A; Modawe,Gad AllahBackground: Myocardial infraction is the death of heart muscle from the sudden blockage of coronary arterial vessel by a blood clot. Objectives: The aim of this study was to measure plasma/serum lipid concentrations in patients with Acute Myocardial Infraction (AMI) within one week of onset of symptoms of AMI in different anti- coagulates. Methodology: This study was case-control study, match age and sex, carried out in Alshab Teaching Hospital at Khartoum State in period from March to August 2007. Blood samples were collected in all subject study (patients and controls) and estimated the lipids in serum and plasma by colorimetric methods. Results: The (mean ±SD) serum/plasma cholesterol in patients were (162.43±33.78, 161.33±44.37, 161.10±46.94) and also in control subject were (161.43±42.08, 162.80±38.29, 167.70±4.43) respectively. The (mean ±SD) of serum/plasma triacylglycerol in patients and control were respectively (105.30±52.53, 11.70±49.61, 113.70±55.80) in controls were (112.70±57.17, 110.83±54.17, 105.93±42.25). The (mean ±SD) in serum/plasma high density lipoprotein in patients were (41.93±15.95, 38.10±13.65, 36.83±13.31) in control were (112.70±20.95, 110.83±19.63, 105.93±17.09). The (mean ±SD) in patients of low obesity lipoproteins were (99.73±43.27, 100.57±51.58, 102.63±51.25) and also control were (85.10±38.167, 92.93±22, 102.93±47.95) comparison between WHO recommended anti-coagulant (EDTD, Lithium heparin) LDL levels showed a significant difference (P=0.039) in plasma for lithium heparin as anti-coagulant, but HDL showed statistical difference (P=0.0) in both serum and plasma with EDTA. Conclusion: From this study it could be concluded that it might be better to use serum in the measurement of lipid profile than use anti-coagulant (EDTA and lithium heparin).Item A comparative estimation of plasma creatinine concentration using Jaffe’s reaction and kinetic method in patients with chronic renal failure(American Journal of Advances in Medical Science, 2014) Mahdi,Mohammed A; Modawe,Gad Allah; Amanullah,Mohammed; Abd Elrouf,Mohamed Babiker; Zaman ,Gaffar SarwarChronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a clinical syndrome that occurs when there is a gradual decline in renal function over time. Creatinine (Molecular Weight 113 Dalton-MW 113 D) is the cyclic anhydride of creatine that is produced as the final product of decomposition of phosphocreatine. In the present work an attempt has been made to compare between results of plasma creatinine using endpoint Jaffe reaction and kinetic method in patients with chronic renal failure. Results from the present study conclude that kinetic Jaffe reaction is better than endpoint Jaffe reaction.