Browsing by Author "Babiker, Rasha"

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Advancements in non-invasive biomarkers for detection and monitoring of breast cancer recurrence
(SCIENCE PROGRESS, 2025) El-Tanani, Yahia; El-Tanani, Mohamed; Rabbani, Syed Arman; Babiker, Rasha; Satyam, Shakta Mani
Breast cancer recurrence remains a major cause of mortality, with up to 30% of early stage patients relapsing as incurable metastatic disease. Conventional surveillance with imaging and serum markers (CA15–3, CEA) lacks the sensitivity and specificity to detect minimal residual disease. This narrative review examines non-invasive biomarkers such as circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and exosomes and the technologies enhancing their performance. Droplet digital PCR and next-generation sequencing detect ctDNA at allele frequencies below 0.1%, identifying molecular relapse a median of 10–12 months before radiologic progression. Microfluidic and affinity-based platforms isolate CTCs with over 75% sensitivity in metastatic settings. Nanoengineered sensors and standardized workflows improve exosome isolation, revealing miRNA and protein signatures predictive of recurrence. Proteomic and metabolomic profiling iden tify dysregulated metabolic pathways and protein networks, offering functional insights that complement molecular assays. Integrative multi-omics approaches merge genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic and metabolomic data; machine-learning frameworks detect subtle patterns and correlations, enabling dynamic, personalized surveillance. By detect ing molecular and functional biomarkers early, clinicians can tailor therapy, monitor treatment response and intervene promptly. Challenges include low analyte abundance, assay variability, high costs and lack of standardized protocols, limiting clinical adoption. Prospective validation in large cohorts is critical. We highlight ongoing clinical trials such as ctDNA-guided adjuvant therapy and CTC-driven stratification studies that aim to establish clinical utility. Non-invasive biomarker platforms could shift breast cancer fol low-up from reactive detection to proactive intervention, ultimately improving survival and quality of life through personalized, real-time monitoring.
Comparative Efficacy of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and Therapeutic Vaccines in Solid Tumors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
(Vaccines, 2025) Babiker, Rasha; Wali, Adil Farooq; El-Tanani, Mohamed; Rabbani, Syed Arman; Rangraze, Imran; Satyam, Shakta Mani; Patni, Mohamed Anas; El-Tanani, Yahia
Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and therapeutic vaccines have emerged as promising immunotherapeutic strategies for solid tumors. However, their comparative efficacy in improving overall survival (OS) remains unclear. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the efficacy of ICIs and therapeutic vaccines in improving OS in patients with solid tumors. Methods: A comprehensive search was con ducted across PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Clinical Trials.gov for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published between 1 January 2010 and 31 December 2024. Studies comparing ICIs or therapeutic vaccines against control treatments (placebo, standard of care, or active comparators) in adults with solid tumors were included. The primary out come was OS, and data were pooled using RevMan (web). Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. Results: Thirteen RCTs involving 10,991 participants were included. A total of 5722 of them were treated with therapeutic vaccines or checkpoint inhibitors. Therapeutic vaccines demonstrated insignificant improvement in OS, with a pooled mean difference of 1.89 months (95% CI: −0.54–4.31; P = 0.13), although with homo geneity (I2 = 0%). ICIs showed a statistically significant OS benefit, with a pooled mean difference of 1.32 months (95% CI: 0.62–2.02; P = 0.0002) and low heterogeneity (I2 = 12%). Conclusions: Therapeutic vaccines provide a larger but less consistent benefit, whereas ICIs offer modest but more consistent survival advantage. These findings support the need for personalized immunotherapy approaches as well as further research to identify predictive biomarkers and optimize treatment strategies by acquiring deep insights into the TMEdynamic and behaviors.
Development and application of a learning enjoyment scale for pedagogical activities [version 2; peer review: 2 approved]
(F1000Research, 2024) Merghani, Tarig; Babiker, Rasha; Alawad, Azza O.
The impact of learning enjoyment on motivation, enthusiasm, and overall learning experiences is significant. Previous studies, lacking an unbiased tool for measuring enjoyment and confronting various influencing factors, produced conflicting results regarding enjoyment levels in different instructional methods. Hence, we developed a learning enjoyment scale for evaluating both active and passive educational activities. We applied the developed scale to 112 first-year medical and dental students to assess their enjoyment during didactic physiology lectures and explored possible associated factors. Within this data note, we present students’ responses to the developed LES. The LES encompasses six dimensions: knowledge, comprehension, application, analysis, concentration, and enjoyment. Students provided ratings for each dimension on a five-point Likert scale, spanning from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). The cumulative scores across the six dimensions range from a minimum of 6 to a maximum of 30. These total scores can be categorized as excellent (> 24), acceptable (18-24), or low (< 18). The second section of the dataset examines specific factors influencing overall enjoyment, such as teacher proficiency, topic difficulty, active student participation, objectives fulfillment, low stress levels, and self perceived acquisition of skills. In addition to objective measurement of students’ enjoyment level, the LES can be utilized for quantitative cross-comparisons between different teaching activities. By employing this dataset, we will undertake an analysis to determine the internal consistency of the Learning Enjoyment Scale (LES), with the anticipation that the outcomes will be published in another venue
Effect of Gum Arabic (Acacia Senegal) supplementation on visceral adiposity index (VAI) and blood pressure in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus as indicators of cardiovascular disease (CVD): a randomized and placebo-controlled clinical trial
(Lipids in Health and Disease, 2018) Babiker, Rasha; Elmusharaf, Khalifa; Keogh, Michael B.; Saeed, Amal M.
Background: There is a strong association between cardiometabolic risk and adipose tissue dysfunction with great consequences on type 2 diabetic patients. Visceral Adiposity Index (VAI) is an indirect clinical marker of adipose tissue dysfunction. Gum Arabic (GA) is a safe dietary fiber, an exudate of Acacia Senegal. Gum Arabic had shown lipid lowering effect in both humans and animals. The aim of this trial was to determine the effect of GA supplementation on anthropometric obesity marker, Visceral Adiposity Index (VAI) and blood pressure in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: This randomized, double blinded, placebo controlled trial recruited a total of 91 type 2 diabetic patients (73 females, 18 males), age (mean ±SD) 50.09±9.3 years on hypoglycemic agents and were randomly assigned into two groups, either to consume 30 g of GA or 5 g of placebo daily for 3 months. Anthropometric obesity markers were measured and indices were calculated. Blood pressure was measured and high density lipoprotein (HDL) and triglycerides (TG) were determined in fasting blood samples at the start and end of the study period. Results: After intervention, Gum Arabic decreased BMI and VAI significantly (P < 0.05) in GA group by 2 and 23.7% respectively. Body adiposity index significantly decreased by 3.9% in GA group while there were no significant changes in waist circumference or waist-to-hip ratio (WHR). Systolic blood pressure significantly decreased by 7.6% in GA group and by 2.7% in placebo group from baseline with no significant changes in diastolic blood pressure in the two groups. Conclusion: Gum Arabic consumption at a dose of 30 g/d for 3 months may play an effective role in preventing weight gain and modulating adipose tissue dysfunction in type 2 diabetic patients, although no effect has been shown in waist-to-hip ratio
Emerging Multifunctional Biomaterials for Addressing Drug Resistance in Cancer
(Biology, 2025) El-Tanani, Mohamed; Rabbani, Syed Arman; Babiker, Rasha; El-Tanani, Yahia; Satyam, Shakta Mani; Porntaveetus, Thantrira
Drug resistance remains a major barrier to effective cancer treatment, contributing to poor patient outcomes. Multifunctional biomaterials integrating electrical and catalytic properties offer a transformative strategy to target diverse resistance mechanisms. This review explores their ability to modulate cellular processes, remodel the tumor microen vironment (TME), and enhance drug delivery. Electrically active biomaterials enhance drug uptake and apoptotic sensitivity by altering membrane potentials, ion channels, and intracellular signaling, synergizing with chemotherapy. Catalytic biomaterials generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), activate prodrugs, reprogram hypoxic and acidic TME, and degrade the extracellular matrix (ECM) to improve drug penetration. Hybrid nanomaterials (e.g., conductive hydrogels, electrocatalytic nanoparticles), synergize electrical and catalytic properties for localized, stimuli-responsive therapy and targeted drug release, minimizing systemic toxicity. Despite challenges in biocompatibility and scalability, future integration with immunotherapy, personalized medicine, and intelligent self-adaptive systems capable of real-time tumor response promises to accelerate clinical translation. The development of these adaptive biomaterials, alongside advancements in nanotechnology and AI-driven platforms, represents the next frontier in precision oncology. This review highlights the potential of multifunctional biomaterials to revolutionize cancer therapy by addressing multidrug resistance at cellular, genetic, and microenvironmental levels, offering a roadmap to improve therapeutic outcomes and reshape oncology practice.
Exploring Salivary Alpha-Amylase as a Biomarker in Periodontitis: A Comparative Analysis of Disease Stages and Clinical Correlations
(Current Issues in Molecular Biology, 2024) Hashim, Nada Tawfig; Fathima, Sadiah; Hisham, Nurain Mohammad; Shivappa, Pooja; Magaogao, Michael V.; Islam, Md Sofiqul; Ahmed, Sara Faisal; Babiker, Rasha; Rahman, MuhammedMustahsen
Periodontal disease, characterized by bacterial plaque accumulation and subsequent im muneresponse, can lead to gingivitis and periodontitis if untreated. Salivary alpha-amylase (sAA) has emerged as a potential biomarker with implications in periodontal disease progression. Objec tives: This study aimed to assess and compare salivary alpha-amylase levels in individuals with periodontitis and healthy controls and to investigate its relationship with clinical parameters of periodontal disease. Forty-five participants were categorized into periodontally healthy (n = 13), Stage I and II Periodontitis (n = 17), and Stage III and IV periodontitis (n = 15) groups. Saliva samples were collected and analyzed using ELISA kits. Statistical analyses included tests for normality, group comparisons, post hoc analysis, and correlation analysis. Significant differences in salivary alpha-amylase levels were observed among severity groups (p < 0.05), with higher levels in periodon titis patients than healthy controls. Spearman correlation revealed moderate positive associations between alpha-amylase levels and probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment loss (CAL). Elevated salivary alpha-amylase levels were found to be associated with more severe periodontal disease, suggesting its potential as a biomarker for periodontitis severity. These findings support the utility of salivary biomarkers in periodontal disease diagnosis and monitoring, although further validation and standardization are warranted for clinical application.
Gum Acacia supplementation improves adiponectin levels and HbA1c/adiponectin ratio in women with type 2 diabetes: A randomized controlled trial
(Functional Foods in Health and Disease, 2025) Babiker, Rasha; Ali, Ibrahim Abdelrhim; Merghani, Tarig H.; Banaga, Amin SI; Hashim, Nada Tawfig; Ahmed, Mohammed Seed; Saeed, Amal M.
ABSTRACT Background: Adiponectin contributes to the regulation of glucose homeostasis and lipid profiles and plays a role in maintaining average body weight. At high serum concentrations, adiponectin sensitizes cells to insulin and exerts favorable effects on type 2 diabetes patients. Gum Acacia (GA) has shown beneficial impacts on serum glucose and lipid profile in both humans and animals. This study aimed to test the effects of oral GA consumption on serum adiponectin levels, glycemic parameters, and the glycosylated hemoglobin/adiponectin ratio in diabetic women. Methods: Seventy-three diabetic women (type 2) with an HbA1c ≥ 6.5% were participated in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. The intervention group (34 patients) received 30.0 g per day of GA, whereas the control group (39 patients) received 5.0 g of placebo per day. The intervention period was 12 weeks. Participants were interviewed and examined clinically before, during and after the intervention. The parameters analyzed before and after the intervention were BMI, serum adiponectin, fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, and the HbA1c/adiponectin ratio. Results: Before the intervention, the mean age was 49±1.1 years, BMI was 28.3±0.6 kg/m2, HbA1c was 8.8±0.3%, adiponectin was 5.4±0.12 µg/ml, and the HbA1c/Adiponectin ratio was 1.8±0.06. All baseline parameters showed nonsignificant differences between the intervention and placebo groups. Following GA administration, both BMI and HbA1c were significantly reduced by 2.5% and 3.8%, respectively. The mean serum adiponectin level significantly increased by 7.4% from baseline in the GA group. The mean change in the HbA1c/adiponectin ratio was 0.3 µg/ml following the intervention (P < 0.01). Compared to that in the placebo group, the HbA1c/adiponectin ratio significantly decreased by 16.6% from baseline in the GA group versus an insignificant increase of 25.2% in the placebo group. Conclusions: Gum Acacia consumption improved the glycemic profile and increased the serum adiponectin concentration in diabetic women at a dosage of 30.0 g/day for three months. This study uniquely explores the impact of Gum Acacia (GA) on serum adiponectin levels and the HbA1c/adiponectin ratio in type 2 diabetic women. Demonstrating a significant increase in adiponectin and a reduction in the HbA1c/adiponectin ratio following GA supplementation, this study provides novel insights into GA's potential as a dietary intervention for improving glycemic control in diabetic populations.
Gum Arabic as a potential candidate in quorum quenching and treatment of periodontal diseases
(Frontiers in Oral Health, 2024) Hashim, Nada Tawfig; Babiker, Rasha; Rahman, Mohammed Mustahsen; Chaitanya, Nallan C. S. K.; Mohammed, Riham; Dasnadi, Shahistha Parveen; Gismalla, Bakri Gobara
Periodontal diseases are chronic inflammatory conditions influenced by bacterial biofilm formation and host immune responses, affecting millions worldwide. Traditional treatments like mechanical debridement and systemic antibiotics often face limitations, including biofilm resilience and antibiotic resistance. Gum Arabic (GA), a natural exudate from Acacia trees, presents a promising alternative with its anti-biofilm and anti-inflammatory properties. This review highlights the role of GA in periodontal therapy, particularly its ability to interfere with quorum sensing (QS) pathways, specifically the AI-2 signaling system used by key periodontal pathogens such as Porphyromonas gingivalis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, andFusobacterium nucleatum. By disrupting QS, GA inhibits biofilm formation, reduces bacterial virulence, and promotes a balanced oral microbiome. GA’s prebiotic properties also encourage the growth of beneficial bacteria, enhancing the host’s immune response while preserving the systemic microbiome. Clinical studies demonstrate GA’s effectiveness as an adjunct in periodontal therapy, with significant reductions in plaque accumulation, gingival inflammation, and bleeding. This highlights GA’spotential as a natural therapeutic agent, offering an effective, antibiotic-sparing option in managing periodontal disease. However, further research is warranted to fully establish GA’s role in comprehensive periodontal care and its long-term benefits.
IMMUNOMETABOLIC CORRELATIONS OF AUTOANTIBODIES IN LATENT AUTOIMMUNE DIABETES IN ADULTS PATIENTS (LADA): A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
(GEORGIAN MEDICAL NEWS, 2025) Elebaid, Asia; Khalid, Mosab; Saeed, Abdelwahab A.; Higazi, Hassan; Abdalhabib, Ezeldine K; Babiker, Rasha; Yousif, Tagwa Yousif Elsayed; Mahagoub, Maha; Osman, Hussam Ali; Gaffer, Amged; Fadl Elmula, Tarig Mohamed; Ismail, May K.; Rakhmatbayevna, Karimova Feruza; Yusupov, Shukhrat Abdurasulovich; Babker, Asaad; Ismail, Marwan; Alfeel, Ayman
Background: As a form of diabetes mellitus, latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) shares the features of both type 1 diabetes mellitus and type 2 diabetes mellitus, which can result in misdiagnosis at the early stage of insulin independence. However, we have limited knowledge about the relations between immunological, anthropometric and clinical parameters in LADA, mainly in Sudanese subjects. Objective: We aimed to assess the prevalence of LADA in patients with T2DM and to investigate associations between autoantibodies, C-peptide, anthropometry, and clinical characteristics. Methods: A cross-sectional comparative study was conducted from April 2020 to January 2024 in Osman Degna Hospital and Ahmed Hassan Diabetic Center. A total of 250 patients with type 2 diabetes were included in the study: 150 on insulin treatment several years after diagnosis (study group) and 100 patients not using insulin (control group). Structured interviews were used to obtain demographic, clinical and lifestyle information. C-peptide, GADA, and IA-2A autoantibodies in serum were detected by the MAGLUMI-800 chemiluminescence immunoassay. Results: The prevalence of LADA was 10.7%. The mean C-peptide level was significantly lower in patients with LADA as compared to non-LADA patients (0.50±0.18 vs. p0.7, p<0.001], whilst C-peptide levels negatively correlated with GADA concentrations [r=-0.65, p<0.001]. Inverted correlations were found for autoantibody titers and BMI, waist, weight (p<0.01), showing a link of autoimmune activity with leaner phenotypes and less preserved β cell function. Conclusion: LADA is under recognized with (10.7%), GADA as a significant early marker. Its close associations with C-peptide and anthropometric indices underline its autoimmune-metabolic profile.
Impact of Lifestyle Modifications on Cancer Mortality: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
(Medicina, 2025) Rabbani , Syed Arman; Patni, Mohamed Anas; El-Tanani, Mohamed; Rangraze, Imran Rashid; Wali, Adil Farooq; Babiker, Rasha; Satyam, Shakta Mani; El-Tanani, Yahia; Almetwally, Abdelrahman Adel MohamedShehata
Abstract: Background and Objectives: Cancer survival poses significant challenges in oncol ogy, with lifestyle modifications increasingly recognized as crucial in modifying patient outcomes post-diagnosis. This meta-analysis aims to systematically evaluate the impact of various lifestyle interventions on cancer survival across different types of cancer. Methods: Acomprehensive literature search of electronic databases including PubMed, Scopus and Cochrane was performed to identify relevant studies up to 30 November 2024. Relevant studies were chosen and data were extracted and analyzed using SPSS Version 29.0 soft ware. Results: Our systematic review included data from 98 studies involving a total of 1,461,834 cancer patients to evaluate the impact of lifestyle factors on cancer survival. Out of these, 64 studies were included in the meta-analysis. Our meta-analysis demonstrates that adherence to specific dietary patterns significantly improves cancer-specific outcomes. The Healthy Eating Index (HEI) diet was associated with a reduction in cancer-specific mortality (pooled log HR: −0.22; 95% CI: [−0.32, −0.12]; p < 0.001). Similar benefits were observed with the Mediterranean diet (aMED), which also reduced cancer mortality and recurrence (pooled log HR: −0.24; 95% CI: [−0.40, −0.07]; p < 0.001), and the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet (pooled log HR: −0.22; 95% CI: [−0.33, −0.12]; p < 0.001). Additionally, general dietary improvements were beneficial for breast cancer-specific mortality across 17 cohort studies (pooled log HR: −0.15; 95% CI: [−0.25, −0.06]; p < 0.001). Engaging in any form of physical activity post-diagnosis was associated with significant improvements in cancer-specific mortality or recurrence (pooled log HR: −0.31; 95% CI: [−0.38, −0.25]; p < 0.001). Participants who ceased smoking after diagnosis exhibited more favorable cancer outcomes (pooled log HR: −0.33; 95% CI: [−0.42, −0.24]; p <0.001), with smoking cessation notably reducing cancer-specific mortality among lung cancer survivors (pooled log HR: −0.34; 95% CI: [−0.48, −0.20]; p < 0.001). Additionally, reducing alcohol intake post-diagnosis significantly improved cancer outcomes (pooled log HR: −0.26; 95% CI: [−0.33, −0.19]; p < 0.001). Alcohol moderation in gastrointestinal tract cancer survivors specifically decreased both cancer-specific mortality and recurrence (pooled log HR: −0.22; 95% CI: [−0.29, −0.15]; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Lifestyle modifica tions after cancer diagnosis significantly improve cancer-specific outcomes. Specific dietary patterns, increased physical activity, smoking cessation, and reduced alcohol intake are all associated with lower cancer-specific mortality. Integrating these lifestyle changes into oncology care may enhance patient survival and quality of life.
Metformin: A Dual-Role Player in Cancer Treatment and Prevention: A Comprehensive Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
(Medicina, 2025) Rangraze, Imran; Wali, Adil Farooq; El-Tanani , Mohamed; Patni , Mohamed Anas; Rabbani, Syed Arman; Babiker, Rasha; Satyam, Shakta Mani; El-Tanani, Yahia; Rizzo, Manfredi
Background and Objectives: Metformin is said to reduce the incidences and deaths resulting from cancer in patients suffering from type 2 diabetes mellitus, but the results have been inconsistent. Perform a systematic review and meta-analysis concentrating on the different outcomes of several cancers while taking into account the impact of metformin use. Materials and Methods: As of 15 October 2024, the literature for Medline, Embase, and WebofScience was systematically searched. ROBINS-I and the RoB 2 tool were used for assessing the risk of bias in observational studies and randomized controlled trials (RCTs), respectively. The strength of the evidence with respect to the GRADE criteria was checked. Random effects meta-analyses were conducted alongside sensitivity analyses, subgroup analyses, and meta-regressions. By utilizing funnel plots as well as Egger’s test and trim-and-fill analysis, publication bias was evaluated. Results: In total, 65 studies were included in the final analyses: Metformin intake was linked to a lower risk of cancer (RR 0.72; 95% CI: 0.64–0.81, I2 = 45%). Significant reductions were observed in breast cancer (RR 0.68; 95% CI: 0.55–0.83) and colorectal cancers (RR 0.62; 95% CI: 0.51–0.76). Evidence certainty fluctuated from moderate to low, though analyses confirmed the results. Plofs funded the publication bias, but adjustment in trim-and-fill did not change the outcome significantly. Conclusions: Metformin intake seems to lower the chances of developing several types of cancers, especially breast and colorectal cancers, but the observational designs hinder determining the causal factors for observational studies. There is a need for large RCTs
Microbial Dynamics in Periodontal Regeneration: Understanding Microbiome Shifts and the Role of Antifouling and Bactericidal Materials: A Narrative Review
(Current Issues in Molecular Biology, 2024) Hashim, Nada Tawfig; Babiker, Rasha; Priya, Sivan Padma; Mohammed, Riham; Chaitanya, Nallan CSK; Padmanabhan, Vivek; El Bahra, Shadi; Rahman, Muhammed Mustahsen; Gismalla, Bakri Gobara
Periodontal regeneration is a multifaceted therapeutic approach to restore the tooth supporting structures lost due to periodontal diseases. This manuscript explores the intricate inter actions between regenerative therapies and the oral microbiome, emphasizing the critical role of microbial balance in achieving long-term success. While guided tissue regeneration (GTR), bone grafting, and soft tissue grafting offer promising outcomes in terms of tissue regeneration, these procedures can inadvertently alter the oral microbial ecosystem, potentially leading to dysbiosis or pathogenic recolonization. Different grafting materials, including autografts, allografts, xenografts, and alloplasts, influence microbial shifts, with variations in the healing timeline and microbial stabi lization. Biologics and antimicrobials, such as enamel matrix derivatives (EMD) and sub-antimicrobial dose doxycycline (SDD), play a key role in promoting microbial homeostasis by supporting tissue repair and reducing pathogenic bacteria. Emerging strategies, such as enzyme-based therapies and antifouling materials, aim to disrupt biofilm formation and enhance the effectiveness of periodontal treatments. Understanding these microbial dynamics is essential for optimizing regenerative ther apies and improving patient outcomes. The future of periodontal therapy lies in the development of advanced materials and strategies that not only restore lost tissues but also stabilize the oral microbiome, ultimately leading to long-term periodontal health.
Natural Bioactive Compounds in the Management of Periodontal Diseases: A Comprehensive Review
(Molecules, 2024) Hashim, Nada Tawfig; Babiker, Rasha; Rahman, MuhammedMustahsen; Mohamed, Riham; Priya , Sivan Padma; Chaitanya, Nallan CSK; Islam, Md Sofiqul; Gobara, Bakri
Periodontal diseases, chronic inflammatory conditions affecting oral health, are primarily driven by microbial plaque biofilm and the body’s inflammatory response, leading to tissue damage and potential tooth loss. These diseases have significant physical, psychological, social, and economic impacts, necessitating effective management strategies that include early diagnosis, comprehensive treatment, and innovative therapeutic approaches. Recent advancements in biomanufacturing have facilitated the development of natural bioactive compounds, such as polyphenols, terpenoids, alka loids, saponins, and peptides, which exhibit antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and tissue regenerative properties. This review explores the biomanufacturing processes—microbial fermentation, plant cell cultures, and enzymatic synthesis—and their roles in producing these bioactive compounds for managing periodontal diseases. The integration of these natural compounds into periodontal therapy offers promising alternatives to traditional treatments, potentially overcoming issues like antibiotic resistance and the disruption of the natural microbiota, thereby improving patient outcomes.
Neurological Manifestation among Patients with Visceral Leishmaniasis at the Tropical Teaching Hospital – Khartoum
(Zagazig University Medical Journal, 2023) Ebrahim, Ahmed Alameleman Edris; Saeed, Mohammed Khalfallah; Nail, Abdelsalam; Abdelmalik, Rawan Iz Eldin Mohamed; Mohammed, Eltayeb Abdalla; Ahmed, Sali Elhaj; Ahmed, Ahmed Abdelaziz; Babiker, Rasha; Ali, Ibrahim A
Background: Leishmaniasis is an endemic disease in Sudan that caused by Leishmania spp. Several studies suggest neurological manifestations in visceral leishmaniasis, such as burning sensation, and weakness. This study was aimed to assess the frequency of the neurological manifestations in Visceral Leishmaniasis. Methods: This is a descriptive, prospective cohort study, was conducted in The Tropical Teaching Hospital – Khartoum for one-year duration. A pretested questionnaire contained the study variables were conducted, nerve conduction Study (NCS) and laboratory tests were done. SPSS v 26.0 was used to analyze the data. Results: Forty four percent of total patients (22/50) were symptomatic.Peripheral neuropathy was elicited in 60% (30/50), Numbness has been the most common feature 56.6% (17/30), and Weakness 26.6% (8/30) all were Axonal damage. Sensorimotor neuropathy was exhibited in 70% (21/30), pure motor neuropathy in 26.7% (8/30). Polyneuropathy was encountered in 46.6% (14/30), poly-radiculopathy in 20% (6/30) along with 23.3% (7/30) as mononeuropathy. Conclusions: peripheral neuropathy was developed in patients with visceral leishmaniasis, frequent occurrence of subclinical neurological manifestations is higher than reported.
NewInsights in Natural Bioactive Compounds for Periodontal Disease: Advanced Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential
(Molecules, 2025) Hashim, Nada Tawfig; Babiker, Rasha; Chaitanya, Nallan C. S. K.; Mohammed, Riham; Priya, Sivan Padma; Padmanabhan, Vivek; Ahmed, Ayman; Dasnadi, Shahista Parveen; Islam, Md Sofiqul; Gismalla, Bakri Gobara; Rahman, Muhammed Mustahsen
Abstract: Periodontal disease is a chronic inflammatory condition that destroys the tooth supporting structures due to the host’s immune response to microbial biofilms. Traditional periodontal treatments, such as scaling and root planing, pharmacological interventions, and surgical procedures, have significant limitations, including difficulty accessing deep periodontal pockets, biofilm recolonization, and the development of antibiotic resistance. In light of these challenges, natural bioactive compounds derived from plants, herbs, and other natural sources offer a promising alternative due to their anti-inflammatory, an tioxidant, antimicrobial, and tissue-regenerative properties. This review focuses on the molecular mechanisms through which bioactive compounds, such as curcumin, resveratrol, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), baicalin, carvacrol, berberine, essential oils, and Gum Arabic, exert therapeutic effects in periodontal disease. Bioactive compounds inhibit critical inflammatory pathways like NF-κB, JAK/STAT, and MAPK while activating protective pathways such as Nrf2/ARE, reducing cytokine production and oxidative stress. They also inhibit the activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), preventing tissue degradation and promoting healing. In addition, these compounds have demonstrated the potential to disrupt bacterial biofilms by interfering with quorum sensing, targeting bacterial cell membranes, and enhancing antibiotic efficacy.Bioactive compounds also modulate the immune system by shifting the balance from pro-inflammatory to anti-inflammatory re sponses andpromotingefferocytosis, which helps resolve inflammation and supports tissue regeneration. However, despite the promising potential of these compounds, challenges related to their poor bioavailability, stability in the oral cavity, and the absence of large-scale clinical trials need to be addressed. Future strategies should prioritize the development of advanced delivery systems like nanoparticles and hydrogels to enhance bioavailability and sustain release, alongside long-term studies to assess the effects of these compounds in human populations. Furthermore, combining bioactive compounds with traditional treatments could provide synergistic benefits in managing periodontal disease. This review aims to explore the therapeutic potential of natural bioactive compounds in managing peri strategies should prioritize the development of advanced delivery systems like nanoparticles and hydrogels to enhance bioavailability and sustain release, alongside long-term studies to assess the effects of these compounds in human populations. Furthermore, combining bioactive compounds with traditional treatments could provide synergistic benefits in managing periodontal disease. This review aims to explore the therapeutic potential of natural bioactive compounds in managing periodontal disease, emphasizing their molecular mechanisms of action and offering insights into their integration with conventional therapies for a more comprehensive approach to periodontal health. odontal disease, emphasizing their molecular mechanisms of action and offering insights into their integration with conventional therapies for a more comprehensive approach to periodontal heal
NLRP3 Inflammasome in Autoinflammatory Diseases and Periodontitis Advance in the Management
(Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences, 2024) Hashim, Nada; Babiker, Rasha; Mohammed, Riham; Rehman, Mohammed Mustahsen; Chaitanya, Nallan CSK; Gobara, Bakri
ct Inflammatory chemicals are released by the immune system in response to any perceived danger, including irritants and pathogenic organisms. The caspase activation and the response of inflammation are governed by inflammasomes, which are sensors and transmitters of the innate immune system. They have always been linked to swelling and pain. Research has mainly concentrated on the NOD‑like protein transmitter 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome. Interleukin (IL)‑1 and IL‑18 are pro‑inflammatory cytokines that are activated by the NOD‑like antibody protein receptor 3 (NLRP3), which controls innate immune responses. The NLRP3 inflammasome has been associated with gum disease and other autoimmune inflammatory diseases in several studies. Scientists’ discovery of IL‑1’s central role in the pathophysiology of numerous autoimmune disorders has increased public awareness of these conditions. The first disease to be connected with aberrant inflammasome activation was the autoinflammatory cryopyrin‑associated periodic syndrome (CAPS). Targeted therapeutics against IL‑1 have been delayed in development because their underlying reasons are poorly understood. The NLRP3 inflammasome has recently been related to higher production and activation in periodontitis. Multiple periodontal cell types are controlled by the NLRP3 inflammasome. To promote osteoclast genesis, the NLRP3 inflammasome either increases receptor‑activator of nuclear factor kappa beta ligand (RANKL) synthesis or decreases osteoclast‑promoting gene (OPG) levels. By boosting cytokines that promote inflammation in the periodontal ligament fibroblasts and triggering apoptosis in osteoblasts, the NLRP3 inflammasome regulates immune cell activity. These findings support further investigation into the NLRP3 inflammasome as a therapeutic target for the medical treatment of periodontitis. This article provides a short overview of the NLRP3 inflammatory proteins and discusses their role in the onset of autoinflammatory disorders (AIDs) and periodontitis.
PI3K/AKT/mTOR Pathway in Breast Cancer Pathogenesis and Therapy: Insights into Phytochemical-Based Therapeutics
(Nutrition and Cancer, 2025) Wali, Adil Farooq; Talath, Siajunisa; El Tanani, Mohamed; Rangraze, Imran Rashid; Babiker, Rasha; Shafi, Sadat; Bansal, Ruby
Breast cancer (BC) is listed as the most prevalent cancer form in women worldwide, with major subtypes classified by hormone receptor (HR) and HER2 status including, HR+/HER2– (~65–70%), HER2+ (~15–20%), Triple-Negative-HR–/HER2– (~10–15%) and rare sybtypes (<5%). Scientific evidence has revealed that PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling cascade plays an important role in the development and progression of BC, contributing to key cellular processes including cell growth, proliferation, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Dysregulation of the components of this cascade including functional loss of Phosphatase and TENsin homolog (PTEN), PI3K hyperactivation, and gain-of-function of AKT, are frequently observed in BC subtypes, making it a promising target for therapeutic intervention. A myriad of studies have documented the potential of phytochemicals, including curcumin, chrysin, fisetin, genistein, resveratrol and lycopene as modulators of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR axis. These phytochemicals exhibit multifaceted mechanisms of action, including inhibition of key kinases, induction of apoptosis, suppression of angiogenesis, and reversal of resistance to chemotherapy. This review aims to provide a detailed overview about the role of PI3K/AKT/mTOR alteration in BC development and the current research on phytochemicals that modulate the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in BC. We documented the molecular mechanisms through which these compounds exert their effects, their potential synergistic interactions with conventional therapies, and the challenges and prospects for their clinical application. The evidence presented underscores the promise of phytochemicals as novel, less toxic adjuncts to traditional BC therapies, warranting further exploration and development for clinical use
Possible role of inflammasomes in the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases
(Preprints, 2023) Hashim, Nada; Babiker, Rasha; Mohammed, Riham; Gismalla, Bakri; Rehman, Mohammed Mustahsen
Dr. Jurg Tschopp created the word "inflammasome" in 2002. Inflammasome activation and its function in disease processes have been the subject of significant investigation over the last 15 years. Four important inflammasomes have been identified: NLRP1, NLRP3, NLRC4, and AIM2. When these inflammasomes are activated, they process and secrete inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1b and IL-18, as well as cause pyroptosis, an inflammatory form of cell death. In this review, we will look at how these inflammasomes have been connected to Periodontitis pathogenesis.
Remote online learning reimagined: perceptions and experiences of medical students in a post-pandemic world
(BMC Medical Education, 2025) Seed Ahmed, Mohammed; Soltani, Abderrezzaq; Zahra, Daniel; Allouch, Soumaya; Al Saady, Rafif Mahmood; Nasr, Amre; Saleh, Nada; Saeed, Amir; Awad, Khalid A.; Baraka, Sally A.; Ahmed, Osman; Babiker, Rasha; Mohammed, Elmuataz E A; Ali, Kamran
Background Blended learning is a key educational methodology, particularly in medical education, and involves integration of online and face-to-face interactions to enhance flexibility and engagement. Blended learning gained increased popularity during the COVID-19 pandemic due to social restrictions. Following control of the pandemic, face to face teaching and learning activities have been restored. However, some institutions continue to deliver some teaching online. This study explores the perceptions and experiences of undergraduate medical students from 15 institutions across seven countries regarding remote online learning in the post-pandemic era. Methods This cross-sectional study utilized an online survey to gather insights into the use of learning resources, interactivity in online sessions, barriers to online learning, and preferences for learning modalities. Descriptive data were summarized by frequency, categorical comparisons were assessed with chi-squared tests, and t-tests were used for continuous data. Results The findings of the current study show a general preference for blended learning (47.78%) over traditional face-to-face instruction (41.48%). Key benefits of blended learning reported by the participants by comfort, flexibility, reduced travel, and ability to learn at own pace. The key barriers identified were internet connectivity issues and fam ily distractions. The study also highlighted the limitations of online learning in replacing clinical experience and prac tical skills acquisition, with 69.26% of respondents affirming that online learning does not sufficiently substitute for direct patient contact. Conclusion The findings underscore the importance of integrating face to face and remote online teaching and learning frameworks to align with educational objectives, particularly in fostering interactivity and practical skill development. The study suggests that while blended learning has many benefits, its effectiveness is highly context dependent and requires thoughtful implementation to meet the diverse needs of medical education.
Repurposing Anthelmintic Drugs for COVID-19 Treatment: AComprehensive Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials on Ivermectin and Mebendazole
(Antibiotics, 2025) Satyam, Shakta Mani; El-Tanani, Mohamed; Patni, MohamedAnas; Rehman, Abdul; Wali, Adil Farooq; Rangraze, Imran Rashid; Babiker, Rasha; Rabbani, Syed Arman; El-Tanani, Yahia; Rizzo, Manfredi
The COVID-19 pandemic necessitated the urgent exploration of therapeutic options, including drug repurposing. Anthelmintic drugs such as ivermectin and mebendazole have garnered interest due to their potential antiviral and immunomod ulatory properties. However, conflicting evidence from randomized clinical trials (RCTs) necessitates a comprehensive meta-analysis to determine their efficacy and safety in COVID 19 management. Objective: This meta-analysis evaluates the clinical efficacy of ivermectin and mebendazole in treating COVID-19 by analyzing their impact on viral clearance, symptom resolution, hospitalization duration, and safety profiles. Methods: A systematic search of Scopus, PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library was conducted following PRISMA guidelines to identify RCTs published up to February 2025. Eligible studies in cluded adult patients with confirmed COVID-19 who received ivermectin or mebendazole compared with a placebo or standard of care. Data extraction and risk of bias assessment were performed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool. Statistical heterogeneity was eval uated using the I2 statistic, and pooled effect sizes were calculated for primary clinical outcomes. Results: Twenty-three RCTs (n = 12,345) were included, with twenty-one studies on ivermectin and two on mebendazole. The pooled analysis suggested no statistically significant improvement in viral clearance (p = 0.39), hospitalization duration (p = 0.15), or symptom resolution (p = 0.08) with ivermectin or mebendazole. However, individual stud ies indicated potential benefits, particularly for mebendazole, in reducing viral load and inflammation. Both drugs exhibited favorable safety profiles, with no significant increase in adverse events. Conclusions: The promising propensities observed in selected studies underscore the potential of ivermectin and mebendazole as adjunct therapies for COVID-19. With well-established safety profiles, immunomodulatory effects, and affordability, these drugs present strong candidates for further exploration. Advancing research through well-designed, large-scale RCTs will help unlock their full therapeutic potential and expand treatment options in the fight against COVID-19.