National University - Sudan (NUSU)
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Item STUDY OF HEPATO-BILIARY SYSTEM PATHOLOGIES USING MRCP(INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH, 2018) Ahmed,Maha Esmeal; Aldosh,Mwahib Sid AhmedObjective : Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) is increasingly being used as a noninvasive alternative to ERCP . Currently it gaining a high percentage of the diagnostic results comparable with those from ERCP for various hepatobiliary pathologies. The importance of the study derived from the importance of MRCP as good diagnostic procedure in detecting and characterization of the hepato- biliary diseases. Methods: The incidence of the hepatobiliary diseases has been increased in Sudan. to estimate characteristic assessment of the disease , a study was conducted among Sudanese patients affecting from hepatobiliary disorders using Magnetic Resonance. Population of the study including 50 patients Results: The main findings of the study reveal that MRCP is more reliable for diagnosis of hepatobiliary diseases. The data analyzed by MRCP screening revealed that 98% of the population had abnormalities in the biliary system, compared to 44% with ultrasound. The statistics analyzed from the patient's age and gender showed that females were 58% more affected than males. The most common age groups between 62-82 years with percentage of 44%. The results obtained also showed that older patients were more affected than younger patients. The results of the diagnosis using MRCPdetected about 52% of the population with gallstones, 5% with common bile ducts and 20% with choleangiocarcinom. Conclusion: The study concluded that, the MRCP is the best choice for detecting the hepatobiliary diseases comparing with ultrasound and ERCP.And the use of heavily T2 weighted images techniques are effective procedure in characterization and differentiation of the disease. The study confirmed that MRCP is a good diagnosing procedure which offer new method for detecting the hepato-biliary diseases in its early stage, without complication as other invasive procedure such as ERCP.Item STUDY OF URINARY SYSTEM CALCULI IN SUDANESE USING COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY 2018-2019(International Journal of Research - GRANTHAALAYAH, 2019) Ahmed,Maha Esmeal; Aldosh,Mwahib Sid AhmedObjective: The aim of study was to study the chemical composition of renal stone in Sudanese population using computed tomography scan. Method: This is analytic study conducted in Khartoum state hospitals in the period from November 2018 to October 2019.The problem of the study was no similar study done in Sudanese populations. The study was done in 100 patients. The data was collected from computed tomography scan to the kidneys, ureters and urinary bladder. Classified and analyzed by statistical package for the social sciences application (SPSS). Results: The study found that most chemical composition of renal stone among Sudanese population was uric acid (0%), Cystine (26%) then Struvite (14%) and calcium (60%). The most effective age group with renal stone was (61-70) years old (36.7%) and same age group have a Struvite stone (28.3%). Furthermore, the most common age group with a cyctine renal stone were the cystine affect in the age between 50 years to 60 years old. The uric acid, Cystine, and calcium stone composition may be reliably predicted in vivo on the basis of dual-energy Computed tomography findings. In the future, a single dual-energy computed tomography examination may contribute to not only the identification but also the chemical characterization of stones in the urinary tract and it may add to the information available from non- enhanced conventional CT performed for evaluation of nephrolithiasis.Item Rate of Fatty Liver Disease in Najran Patients between 20-60 Years Old at King Khalid Hospital (Dec 2011-Dec 2012)(International Journal of Science and Research, 2013) Ahmed,Maha Esmeal; Khalid,Najla Hussein Mohamed; Mehdar,Kholud MohammedThe aim of this study is to evaluate the results of liver examination by ultrasound in Najran patients during the period Dec 2011- Dec 2012, specifically to discover the rate of incidence of fatty liver and its relationship to risk factors. This is a retrospective, descriptive and quantitative case series using data collected from King Khalid hospital in Najran during the period Dec 2011- Dec 2012, where 957 patients had undergone ultrasound examination for different abdominal diseases. Data of this study was collected using a check list from the PACS (picture archive and communicating system) and the results were analyzed by using SPSS computer system. Data for a total of 957 patients who had completed abdominal ultrasound were collected. 319 were found to have fatty liver as diagnosed by ultrasound. The mean age of the study group was (49.6 ± 14.1), the mean weight was (78± 6.12), and an elevated level of ALT (alanine aminotransferase ), AST (aspartate aminotransferase) was detected in 55.7 % and 43.2% respectively . A BMI (Body mass index) > 25kg/m2 was detected in 80 % of the patient. The prevalence of NAFLD (non alcoholic fatty liver disease) was 33.3 % and it was more common in females (178, 55.4%) than in males (141, 44.1%). It is highest in the age group 40-60 years old. Diabetes was present in 24.1 % (77 patients with high fasting glucose), obesity in 45.7% (147 patients). Of the all patients, high cholesterol was present in 23, 7 % of the total. The prevalence of fatty liver in Najran patients is high. It is more common in the female than male. Obesity and diabetes are the common risk factors associated with fatty liver disease.Item Study of limitation of mammogram(IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences, 2019) Ahmed,Maha Esmeal; Aldosh ,Mwahib Sid AhmedPurpose: The purpose of the study is that mammography screening for breast cancer is widely available in many countries. The goal of screening mammography programs is to decrease mortality from breast cancer. Initially praised as a universal achievement to improve women's health and to reduce the burden of breast cancer, the benefits and harms of mammography screening have been debated heatedly in the past years. Although much attention has been paid to the female breast and its pathologic conditions, the male breast is often times ignored given its rudimentary and nonfunctional nature. However, the male breast is the source of a wide variety of benign and malignant conditions, and particular attention must be paid to palpable abnormalities of the male breast to ensure accurate characterization and diagnosis of these lesions. Mammography has been traditionally used as the imaging modality of choice in the evaluation of the male breast, particularly in distinguishing between gynecomastia and breast carcinoma. Method: The researchers reviewed of several researches discusses the benefits, limitations and harms of mammography screening in light of findings from randomized trials and from more recent observational studies performed in the era of modern diagnostics and treatment. Results: The main benefit of mammography screening is reduction of breast-cancer related death. Relative reductions vary from about 15 to 25% in randomized trials to more recent estimates of 13 to 17% in meta- analyses of observational studies. In an update of the 2006 review, Gøtzsche and Nielsen reassessed screening mammography's effect on mortality and morbidity. Eight eligible trials were identified, with one trial excluded due to bias, providing an analysis with 600,000 women. Consistent with the findings of the 2006 review, the three trials with adequate randomization did not show a significant reduction in breast cancer mortality at 13 years (RR= 0.90, 95% CI: 0.79-1.02). These trials did not find an effect of screening on cancer mortality, including breast cancer, after 10 years (RR=1.02, 95% CI: 0.95-1.10) or on all cause mortality after 13 years (RR=0.99, 95% CI: 0.95 -1.03). According to the authors, “Screening is likely to reduce breast cancer mortality. As the effect was lowest in the adequately randomized trials, a reasonable estimate is a 15% reduction corresponding to an absolute risk reduction of 0.05%. Screening led to 30% over diagnosis and overtreatment, or an absolute risk increase of 0.5%. It is thus not clear whether screening does more good than harm Conclusion: Researchers concluded that evidence from studies of varied quality indicate that, overall, mammography screening has a modest effect on breast cancer mortality. When analyzed in absolute terms, the death rate is reduced by just 0.05%. Like with all medical interventions, there are harms associated with screening mammography such as misdiagnosis and overtreatment. Screening mammography can produce inaccurate results, and as a result, many women receive false-positive or false-negative results. A false-positive result occurs when a mammogram shows a suspicious image, but there is actually no breast cancer. A false- negative result occurs when a woman's mammography results are normal, but she actually has breast cancer.Item Evaluation of Abdominal Mass Using Ultrasound and Computed Tomography(IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences, 2019) Osman,Tayseer Salah Babiker; Ahmed,Maha EsmealThe objective of this study is to evaluate the role of ultrasound and computed tomography in diagnosis and management of abdominal masses, study depend on the reports results, of 50 patients of abdominal mass the most common affected age was between (41-50) years old (13) patients 26%. Most common finding was the liver mass in (26) patients 52% and the kidney mass in (7) patients was14%, the classification in ultrasound was in (1) patient was 2% and in computed tomography was in (12) patients 24%, the pathology in ultrasound was diagnosed in (5) patients 10% and in computed tomography was diagnosed in (36) patients 72%.Study achieved that computed tomography was more accurate than ultrasound in detection of morphological features, calcifications, presence or absent of fat, infiltration into the surrounding organs, tumoral necrosis, regional lymphadenopathy and distant metastases.Item SPLENIC SIZE RELATION TO THE PORTAL VEIN DOPPLER ANALYSIS IN SUDANESE LIVER TRANSPLANTS(2019) Osman,Ashraf Mustafa Mohammed; Gar al naby ,Mohammed Al Fadil; Ahmed,Maha Esmeal; Awad alla,Babiker Abd ElwahabThe purpose of this study was to identify the specific Doppler criteria for the portal vein as well as the spleen length or volume in liver transplants. A relative study was done after performing venous Doppler sonographic studies in 45 liver transplant cases (4 whole liver, 41 lobar) with no known vascular complications. The ultrasonic Doppler study were targeted to the portal vein flow direction, flow velocity in Doppler level and the caliber in gray scale level. Average gray scale and color flow mapping appearances as well as normal monophasic wave character was found. The following Doppler parameters were evaluated: for the portal veins, venous pulsatility index. There were no cases of portal vein obstruction found in our sample (neither stenosis, nor occlusion). Mean portal vein velocity was (less than 55 cm /s), the splenic length was (13.7±1.5). The relation between the portal venous index, and the splenic length was built. Both are useful parameters for diagnosing liver transplants complications.