National University - Sudan (NUSU)

Permanent URI for this communityhttp://localhost:4000/handle/123456789/14

Browse

Now showing 1 - 20 of 153

A comparative estimation of plasma creatinine concentration using Jaffe’s reaction and kinetic method in patients with chronic renal failure
(American Journal of Advances in Medical Science, 2014) Mahdi,Mohammed A; Modawe,Gad Allah; Amanullah,Mohammed; Abd Elrouf,Mohamed Babiker; Zaman ,Gaffar Sarwar
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a clinical syndrome that occurs when there is a gradual decline in renal function over time. Creatinine (Molecular Weight 113 Dalton-MW 113 D) is the cyclic anhydride of creatine that is produced as the final product of decomposition of phosphocreatine. In the present work an attempt has been made to compare between results of plasma creatinine using endpoint Jaffe reaction and kinetic method in patients with chronic renal failure. Results from the present study conclude that kinetic Jaffe reaction is better than endpoint Jaffe reaction.
Accuracy of Fetal Foot Length Measurement in Estimation of Gestational Age and Fetal Weight in the Third Trimester of Pregnancy
(Journal of Health Research and Reviews, 2018) Ebraheem,Mohamed; Malik,Bushra Abdel; Ali,Qurashi M; Gameraddin,Moawia; Gareeballah,Awadia
Background: Fetal foot length (FFL) is a biometric parameter that has been established for estimating the gestational age (GA). Accurate knowledge of fetal weight (FW) and GA assist Clinicians in the evaluation of fetal growth and predict neonatal outcomes. Aims: This study aims to predict the estimated FW and GA using the FFL in 26–40 weeks’ gestation on antenatal ultrasound. Materials and Methods: In a retrospective study, we investigated the fetal measurements of FFL, femoral length (FL), and estimated FW in 100 pregnant women at 26–16 weeks’ gestation who attended routine antenatal care. The fetal measurements were examined about the foot length. Results: The foot length was not a significance parameter to determine fetal gender (P = 0.6). There was no correlation of FFL with maternal socioeconomic status, parity, fetal gender, and maternal body mass index, P = 0.26, 0.84, 0.67, and 0.26, respectively. The FFL, FL, and estimated FW were strongly and linearly correlated with GA. The combination of FL, foot length, and estimated FW provide an accurate estimation of GA with minimum (standard error [SE] = 1.75). The combination of FL and foot length provide an accurate prediction of FW with SE of 320.52. The foot length and FL revealed similar values of SEs in estimated FW (R2 = 0.85) for each. Conclusions: The FFL is linearly correlated with GA, FW, and FL. It is an accurate parameter to assess the GA and reliable for predicting the estimated FW. This is useful for assessing fetal growth and skeletal dysplasia.
Adenylate cyclase 3: a new target for anti-obesity drug development
(obesity reviews, 2016) Wu,L; Shen,C; Ahmed,M. Seed; Östenson,C.-G; Gu,H. F
Obesity has become epidemic worldwide, and abdominal obesity has a negative im- pact on health. Current treatment options on obesity, however, still remain limited. It is then of importance to find a new target for anti-obesity drug development based upon recent molecular studies in obesity. Adenylate cyclase 3 (ADCY3) is the third member of adenylyl cyclase family and catalyses the synthesis of cAMP from ATP. Genetic studies with candidate gene and genome-wide association study approaches have demonstrated that ADCY3 genetic polymorphisms are associated with obesity in European and Chinese populations. Epigenetic studies have indi- cated that increased DNA methylation levels in the ADCY3 gene are involved in the pathogenesis of obesity. Furthermore, biological analyses with animal models have implicated that ADCY3 dysfunction resulted in increased body weight and fat mass, while reduction of body weight is partially explained by ADCY3 activa- tion. In this review, we describe genomic and biological features of ADCY3, sum- marize genetic and epigenetic association studies of the ADCY3 gene with obesity and discuss dysfunction and activation of ADCY3. Based upon all data, we suggest that ADCY3 is a new target for anti-obesity drug development. Further investiga- tion on the effectiveness of ADCY3 activator and its delivery approach to treat ab- dominal obesity has been taken into our consideration.
Advancements in non-invasive biomarkers for detection and monitoring of breast cancer recurrence
(SCIENCE PROGRESS, 2025) El-Tanani, Yahia; El-Tanani, Mohamed; Rabbani, Syed Arman; Babiker, Rasha; Satyam, Shakta Mani
Breast cancer recurrence remains a major cause of mortality, with up to 30% of early stage patients relapsing as incurable metastatic disease. Conventional surveillance with imaging and serum markers (CA15–3, CEA) lacks the sensitivity and specificity to detect minimal residual disease. This narrative review examines non-invasive biomarkers such as circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and exosomes and the technologies enhancing their performance. Droplet digital PCR and next-generation sequencing detect ctDNA at allele frequencies below 0.1%, identifying molecular relapse a median of 10–12 months before radiologic progression. Microfluidic and affinity-based platforms isolate CTCs with over 75% sensitivity in metastatic settings. Nanoengineered sensors and standardized workflows improve exosome isolation, revealing miRNA and protein signatures predictive of recurrence. Proteomic and metabolomic profiling iden tify dysregulated metabolic pathways and protein networks, offering functional insights that complement molecular assays. Integrative multi-omics approaches merge genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic and metabolomic data; machine-learning frameworks detect subtle patterns and correlations, enabling dynamic, personalized surveillance. By detect ing molecular and functional biomarkers early, clinicians can tailor therapy, monitor treatment response and intervene promptly. Challenges include low analyte abundance, assay variability, high costs and lack of standardized protocols, limiting clinical adoption. Prospective validation in large cohorts is critical. We highlight ongoing clinical trials such as ctDNA-guided adjuvant therapy and CTC-driven stratification studies that aim to establish clinical utility. Non-invasive biomarker platforms could shift breast cancer fol low-up from reactive detection to proactive intervention, ultimately improving survival and quality of life through personalized, real-time monitoring.
Albumin: Creatinine Ratio during long term Diabetes Mellitus in the Assessment of early Nephropathy in Sudanese Population
(Sudan JMS, 2014) Almozmil,M; Mahdi,MA; Modawe,G2; Amanullah,M; Zaman,GS; Babiker,AM
Background: Diabetic nephropathy is one of the major causes of chronic renal failure. Microalbuminuria (MAU) has been recognized as an independent and reliable predictor for future development of overt proteinuria in diabetic patients. Objectives: This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried during the period of January-April 2012, in Omdurman Teaching Hospital, to determine Microalbuminuria creatinine ratio, in long term Diabetic patients. Materials and Methods: Immunoturbidmetric method was used to asses’ microalbuminuria in 50 cases (50%) and 50 controls (50%). Ordinary chemical method (Jaffe reaction) was used for the determination of creatinine for both the groups. Results: Microalbuminuria in Diabetic patients showed an increase when compared with the control group with P value 0.000. Similarly creatinine also showed an increase in diabetic patients. Conclusion: It was concluded and is in further affirmation of the previous studies that microalbuminuria should be used as an early indicator for Diabetic Nephropathy. Further studies with 24 hour urine sample are recommended for assessment of Microalbuminuria in long term Diabetic patients, provided that the patients are on a normal diet with regular treatment for diabetes.
Anti-bacterial potential of (Acacia nilotica, Trigonella foenum graecum, Punica granatum and Commiphora myrrha) crude extracts against diverse drug sensitive and resistant bacterial species
(Plant Science Today, 2022) Osman, Meaad Fakhraldeen Abdalla; Abdalla, Sababil Salih; Abdelghani, Sara; Mangi, Altaf Ali; Eltayeb, Lienda Bashier
The alarming increase in bacterial resistance to antibiotics caused some authors to state that we are approaching a post-antibiotic era and medical catastrophe, the study aimed to assess the antimicrobial effects of selected plant extracts against several sensitive and resistant bacterial isolates. Ex perimental cross-sectional study was conducted, 70% ethanol crude Acac cia nilotica, Trigonella foenum-graecum, Punica granatum and Commiphora myrrha extract was prepared and several commercial antimicrobials agent tested, the antibacterial activity was investigated using the disc diffusion method. The inhibition zones' diameters (mm) were calculated and inter preted by Zone Diameter Interpretative Standards. Data were analyzed by using (SPSS) software version 22. About 200% of A. nilotica and T. foenum graecum showed bactericidal effects against Enterococcus faecalis, means ±SD (12.3 ± 2.8 and 12.5 ± 2.1). The activity of 200% C. myrrha extract was highest against all diverse bacterial. Despite a relatively high inhibition zone among all plant ethanol extracts, the findings demonstrate that there is no statistical significance in the inhibitory activity impact of varying concentra tions of 70% ethanol extracts of all plants extract against bacterial isolates (P. value ≥ 0.05). The outcomes of the ethanol extracts of the used plant un der study demonstrated that the herbal extract can be a superior antimicro bial potential than the result of the commercial broad spectrum antimicro bial agent utilized. C. myrrha extract was potent antimicrobial activity against all diverse bacterial species.
Artificial Ecosystem‑Based Optimization with Dwarf Mongoose Optimization for Feature Selection and Global Optimization Problems
(International Journal of Computational Intelligence Systems, 2023) Al‑Shourbaji, Ibrahim; Kachare, Pramod; Fadlelseed, Sajid; Jabbari, Abdoh; Hussien, Abdelazim G.; Al‑Saqqar, Faisal; Abualigah, Laith; Alameen, Abdalla
Meta-Heuristic (MH) algorithms have recently proven successful in a broad range of applications because of their strong capabilities in picking the optimal features and removing redundant and irrelevant features. Artificial Ecosystem-based Opti mization (AEO) shows extraordinary ability in the exploration stage and poor exploitation because of its stochastic nature. Dwarf Mongoose Optimization Algorithm (DMOA) is a recent MH algorithm showing a high exploitation capability. This paper proposes AEO-DMOA Feature Selection (FS) by integrating AEO and DMOA to develop an efficient FS algorithm with a better equilibrium between exploration and exploitation. The performance of the AEO-DMOA is investigated on seven datasets from different domains and a collection of twenty-eight global optimization functions, eighteen CEC2017, and ten CEC2019 benchmark functions. Comparative study and statistical analysis demonstrate that AEO-DMOA gives competi tive results and is statistically significant compared to other popular MH approaches. The benchmark function results also indicate enhanced performance in high-dimensional search space.
Assessing the neuroprotective efficacy of atorvastatin in traumatic brain injury: a systematic review protocol
(Journal of Surgical Protocols and Research Methodologies, 2023) Mugenyi, Nathan; Sakaiwa, Neontle; Darko, Kwadwo; Shituluka, Musakanya; Tango, Tamara; Tunde, Olobatoke; Lordstrong, Akano; Saeed, Ali Awadallah; Kamabu, Larrey Kasereka; Mduma, Emmanuel; Kyaruzi, Victor; Shimber, Emnet; Azouz, Heba; Gankpe, Fortune; Esene, Ignatius; Tirsit, Abenezer
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a significant public health threat, with an estimated 5.3 million people in the United States alone living with a disability related to TBI (1). The most common therapies for individuals with TBI at this time include supportive measures, direct monitoring and surgical interventions,but the treatment outcomes following TBI are still poor.Atorvastatin is one of 3-hydroxy 3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors commonly used for treatment reduction of low-density lipoprotein and relief of symptoms in cerebrovascular diseases, however, the recent randomized trials in animal models and human subjects have revealed a promising therapeutic effect for its use in the treatment of TBI that has shown a significant alleviation of neurological dysfunctions. Hence, this systematic review will streamline and provide a comprehensive avenue for understanding more about the dynamics of atorvastatin and its neuroprotective efficacy for the treatment of the severity of TBI and the improvement of functional outcomes. This systematic review will follow the 2020 PRISMA guidelines.Information sources will be obtained from electronic databases such as Pubmed,Cochrane Library, EMBASE and SCOPUS.All patients with TBI that received Atorvastatin will be included.The review will also include original peer-reviewed research articles addressing the efficacy of Atorvastatin in TBI in English. Ethical approval will not be required as there will benohumanparticipantinvolvementinthisstudy.Thefindingsfromthisstudywillbedisseminatedatscientific conferences and published in a reputable peer-reviewed journal.
Assessment of Complete Blood Count and D-dimer among Patients with Plasmodium falciparum Malaria
(Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International, 2021) Hassan,Mohammed Abdulhafeez; Ahmad ,Albara; Waggiallah,Hisham Ali
Background: The most virulent of the human malaria parasites is P. falciparum which is responsible for the bulk of the malaria-related morbidity and mortality. Changes in blood cell parameters are already a well-known feature of malarial infections Aim: The purpose of this research was to assess the total blood count and D-dimer levels in patients with P. falciparum malaria in Khartoum State, Sudan. Study Design: It is case- control study was conducted on blood cells prameters and plasma D- dimer for patients infected with Plasmdium falciparum malaria Place and Duration of Study: study was carried out in Yastabshiroon hospital, Khartoum state, from October 2020 to January 2021. Methodology: The study comprised fifty people who tested positive for P. falciparum using the National Public Health Laboratory's malaria diagnostic standard. The control group consisted of fifty healthy Khartoum locals with about equal gender and age distribution. To collect data from the study group's personal and medical information, such as name, gender, age, and medical condition, a structured questionnaire was developed. Result: D-dimer levels were considerably greater in P. falciparum malaria cases compared to non- falciparum malaria cases, neutrophil and lymphocyte counts were significantly lower, although white blood cells (WBCs) count was significantly lower in P. falciparum infection patients compared to non-falciparum (p≤0.05). Hemoglobin concentration and platelet count were similarly significantly lower (p≤0.05). Platelet counts and mean cell hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), on the other hand, were significantly lower in individuals with severe parasitemia compared to those with low and moderate parasitemia. Conclusion: The study concluded that P. falciparum infection causes considerable hematological alterations. The results of the current investigation revealed a significant increase in the D-dimer mean level, as well as a significant decrease in the count of hemoglobin, total white blood cells (TWBCs), lymphocytes, neutrophils, and platelets. It was also discovered that patients with high parasitemia had considerably lower platelet counts and mean cell hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) levels than those with low and moderate parasitemia.
Assessment of Diagnostic X-ray Machine Resolution Using Modulation Transfer Function
(International Journal Dental and Medical Sciences Research (IJDMSR), 2020) Deiab,Huyam F; AbdAllh,Nedal A; Beineen,A. A; Gar-Elnabi,M. E. M
This study design to measure the x-ray machine resolution using MTF which gives a full description of the machine resolution. The x-ray machines were investigated the optimum resolution using wire phantom designed by the researcher which consisted of variable thicknesses used to test variable exposure factors. The prototype phantom consisted of five wires with different thickness assessed the diagnostic x-ray machine resolution by found the optimum kV relative to machine type. This study showed that the best machine resolution was Shimadzu 2011 for Khartoum emergency hospital that had high resolution 97% at 46Kv for thickness of 1.4mm compared with Toshiba 2011 for Almotkamil hospital that had 92% at 46Kvp. Also, the result showed that for the two types of x-ray machines the x-ray tubes don’t produced the same exposure and the output decreased with age of x-ray unit, also the resolution reduced when decreased the thickness of the wires. And from all measurement we notice when the spatial resolution become smaller the resolution becomes better and with increase the x ray machines tube voltage the resolution become best. For spatial resolution 0.36 the resolution is better than the other frequencies and when compares the kilo voltage 40, 44 and 46 kV the voltage 46 kV give best resolution than 40 and 44 kV.
Assessment of DRB1 and DQB1 genotype frequencies in type 1 diabetes: a gender-based study in Sudanese children
(Journal of Research in Applied and Basic Medical Sciences, 2024) Hussein, Hiba Omer AbdelRhman; Abdalla, Sababi Salih; Salih, Sakeena NourEldine; Abdrabo, Abdelkarim A.; Mahdi, Mohamed Abdelgadir
Background & Aims: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is an autoimmune condition characterized by the destruction of pancreatic β cells. While environmental factors and autoantibodies play a role, genetic predisposition, particularly involving HLA class II alleles (DR and DQ), is significant. This study aimed to evaluate the frequency of DRB1 and DQB1 genotypes associated with T1D, with a focus on gender differences. Materials & Methods: A total of 187 Sudanese subjects, aged 5 to 18 years, were enrolled, including 87 T1D cases and 100 non diabetic controls. The study was conducted in diabetes hospitals in Khartoum State. HLA gene polymorphisms were assessed using the allele-specific refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction (ARMS-PCR) method. Results: Genotype frequencies for C/C, G/G, and G/C were 11.8%, 66.7%, and 21.6% in females, and 10.2%, 67.3%, and 22.4% in males, respectively. Statistical analysis showed no significant gender-related differences in genotype distributions (Chi-square, p = 0.968). Conclusion: The study found no significant association between genotype distributions and gender in Sudanese children with T1D. This suggests that gender does not significantly influence the distribution of DRB1 and DQB1 genotypes related to T1D in the study population.
Assessment of effects induced by bone scintigraphy dose in red & white blood cells relative to ageing and obesity
(MOJ Public Health, 2020) Sakin,Ghada Abker Edam; Gar-elnabi,Mohamed Elfadil Mohamed; Omer,Mohammed A. Ali; Omer,Mohammed; Ali,Rowaida Bushra; Esmeal,Maha
Introduction: The indispensable Nuclear Medicine (NM) technology has been utilized for diagnosis of pathologies, cancer staging and researches; however, it accompanied by potential hazards; hence the aim of this study was to estimate the impact of radioactive dose of bone scintigraphy in quantity of WBCs and RBCs relative to ageing and body mass index (BMI). Methods: The Technetium-99m generator eluted based on time activity formula ( 0 t I Ie−λ = ) and further the eluted dose mixed with Methylene Diphosphate (MDP) and injected to specific patient based on BMI. Then WBCs and RBCs before and after 3-3.5 hours of dose injection estimated using automated cell counter (Sysmex KX-21) and the collected data of 150 patients analyzed by SPSS. Results: The results showed that Females were the common gender referred to bone scan representing 70%. The WBC and RBCs count increases following the ageing from 18–61 and 18-50 years old respectively then decreases following ageing. WBCs increases as the BMI increases from≤18.49 (underweight) up to 25–29.9 (overweight) then decreases among obese (30 – 39.9) and peaking among Morbidly obese (≥ 40 Kg) but remains in normal range, while RBCs increases as the BMI increases from underweight (≤18.49) up to normal BMI (18.5–24.9) then persist semi constant in normal range among the rest weights. The activity dose (15±2.9 mCi) of bone scan reduces significantly the WBCs by 3.8% at P-value = 0.00 and P=value = 0.05) relative to age and BMI respectively but reduced RBCs insignificantly (P-value = 0.32) by 3.6% relative to normal. Conclusion: NM doses of 15±2.9 mCi induce significant reduction in WBCs with regard to age and BMI, while the effect in RBCs was insignificant. Hence the ideal count of WBCs is necessary to be assessed before bone scan and the dose better reduced as less as the applied formula gave. Other methods of dose estimation will be contemplated and the image quality could be maintained by increasing image acquisition time or using SPECT.
ASSESSMENT OF FREE PROSTATIC SPECIFIC ANTIGEN/TOTAL PROSTATIC SPECIFIC ANTIGEN RATIO, LIPOPROTEINS, ESTRADIOL AND C – REACTIVE PROTEIN IN PROSTATIC TUMORS
(WORLD JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES, 2018) Mahdi,Mohammed A; Akasha,Rihab; Modawe,Gad Allah; Sharfy,Abd Alrauf; Khattab,Abd ElHafiz H
Background: Prostate tumors, especially prostate cancer have severe complications such as spreading to neighboring organs. Objectives: This study was performed to compare between levels of free prostatic specific antigen (fPSA)/ total prostatic specific antigen (tPSA) ratio, lipoproteins, estradiol and C-reactive protein with prostatic cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia patients. Materials & Methods: This study was designed as prospective case control and it was done in Soba University hospital and Khartoum Teaching hospital in Khartoum state. It was performed on 200 men (50–65 years old); 100 healthy individuals as controls and 100 patients; 50 patients with prostate cancer and 50 with benign prostate hyperplasia who were diagnosed by biopsy and histopathology. Results: There was significant increase in the mean value of total PSA in PCa patients and BPH more than controls with (P-value 0.003). Free PSA also showed significant increase in PCa patients and BPH more than controls with (P-value 0.040). The ratio of free to total PSA was decreased in PCa patients (7 %), but increased in BPH (34 %) and in control (67 %) with P-value (0.000). The mean value of serum cholesterol, triglyceride, n LDL and HDL were significantly low in PCa than BPH and control with (P-value 0.035, 0.000, 0.015 and 0.002) respectively. The mean of serum Estradiol level and CRP was increase in PCa than BPH and control with (P- value 0.025 and 0.000) respectively. Conclusion: Serum fPSA/tPSA ratio was less than 25% in patients with PCa. Total cholesterol, HDL and LDL were low in concentration in PCa patients than in those with BPH patients and control. Serum Estradiol levels increases in PCa patients more than in BPH patients and control. Serum CRP concentration was higher in PCa patients than in those with BPH and control.
Assessment of Gamma Camera SPECT Resolution using Developed Quality Control Phantom
(International Journal of Science and Research, 2013) Gar-elnabi,Mohamed E. M; Ali,Wadah M; Omer,Mohammed A. Ali; Edam,Ghada A
The aim of this study; was to developed and designs an indigenous quality control phantom QCP to be used for gamma camera resolution QC test which installed at Royal Care hospital (RCH) and Radiation & Isotopes Center of Khartoum (RICK), as well to compare its performance relative to the standard QC phantom recommended by National Electronic Manufacture Association NEMA. The phantom has been designed based on the parameters and specifications recommended by NEMA with specific indigenous designing in view of utilizing local cheep material such as Perspex and wires lead and geometrical engineering. The comparative QC assessment for RCH and RICK revealed that: for RCH and RICK the resolution was 94.0% and 89.5% respectively which was dependant on the minimum object size resolved in the designed phantom (0.5 mm), while the resolution obtained by NEMA standard phantom showed 95.5% and 91.8% respectively. Quite similar resolution% has been obtained by the designed phantom depending on the object frequency (number of object/cm) i.e. number of lead wires resolved per cm2 , in this view the resolution was resolution was 94% and 90.3% respectively and in comparison with that obtained by NEMA phantom which was 95.5% and 91.8% respectively, the average deviation factor of the designed phantom from the standard was 1.5% - 1.9. Also the general trend of correlation between object size versus resolution showed a linear proportional equation in a form of y = 6.59x + 47.87 and y = 6.64x + 43.1 for RCH and RICK respectively with significant correlation as R2 = 0.98. And for object frequency versus resolution, the equation trend was inversely according to: for RCH and for RICK, where x refers to object frequency and y refers to resolution%, with significant correlation as R2 = 1.
Assessment of Image Quality for Digital Radiography Units using Prototype Phantom
(International Journal Dental and Medical Sciences Research (IJDMSR), 2020) Deiab,Huyam F; AbdAllh,Nedal A; Beineen,A. A; Gar-Elnabi,M. E. M
The main objective of this study to measure the x-ray machines resolution using Modulation Transfer Function MTF which gives a full description of the machine resolution. this study introduced the a more reliable method of measuring the resolution which is modulation transfer function (MTF) which gives a complete description of the resolution instead of using full width at half maximum (FWHM) or the visibility method which is more qualitative where MTF is a real quantitative method, by designed a prototype phantom consisted of five wires with different thickness and kV for five x-ray units. with three object spatial frequency 0.333, 0.298 and 0.216 cycle/mm, imaging the designed phantoms the thickness from wire showed the best results of 0.333 cycle/mm from all hospitals was 92% for 44 kV at ALS hospital, and for 0.298 cycle/mm the best resolution from all hospitals was 97% for 40 kV at Sudan University hospital, the frequency 0.216 cycle/mm the best resolution was 100% at RO with kV 40, ALS at 44 kV and SHN and ALS at 46 kV. Also, the results showed that as the object spatial frequency increased (thickness of the wire decreased) the resolution values decreased as the results of the Kv increases. This is mainly due to the penetration of the radiation as well as the limitation of the x-ray resolution in picking up finer details where the intensifying screen and the film capabilities limit the infant of the resolution.
Assessment of Infertility Factors and Their Relative Impact in Pregnancy using Ultrasonography & Hormonal Checkup
(Journal of Science and Science Education, 2020) Gar-elnabi,Mohamed Elfadil M; Abdelsalam.Manal Z; Abdelsalam,Manal Z; Omer,Mohammed A. Ali; Musa,Mustafa J
Infertility as a social and psychological problem among middle east natives. Among them, Transvaginal ultrasound (TVU) and hormonal tests have been selected to evaluate infertility in this study. The objective was to assess the infertility factors and their relative impact in pregnancy and to deduce the equation to predict infertility. Methods: a retrospective data (morphometric pathologies of uterus and ovaries using TVU and laboratory hormones (FSH, LH)) have been collected from clinics for 180 women of reproductive age (15-49 years) in Sudan. The data analyzed by SPSS. The results showed that there were 120 (66.7%) infertile and 60 (33.3%) fertile ladies based on the marriage date. The common ovarian causes of infertility were the polycystic ovary (PCOs) 23.3%, simple cyst 6.1%, hemorrhagic cyst, 4.4%, and uterus causes: 6.7% intramural fibroma, 6.1% retroverted uterus, 2.8% submural fibroma, 2.2 polyps. The general accuracy of Stepwise Linear Discriminant Analysis (SLDA) was 78.9%, for infertile was 70.8% and for fertile 95%. Larger ovarian width indicates significance (p < 0.05) infertility and FSH level low among infertile ladies, but LH is less dependent on discrimination.
Assessment of Ischemic Coronary Arteries Prevalence, Reversibility and Relative Dose Ratio% Using 99Mtc- Sestamibi and 201Tl
(PARIPEX - INDIAN JOURNAL OF RESEARCH, 2016) Adam,Mohamed Elwathiq; Gar- elnabi,Mohamed E. M; Sakin,Ghada A. E; Omer,Mohamed A. Ali
The aim of this study was to assess the ischemic coronary arteries prevalence, reversibility and the relative dose ratio% using 99mTc-Sestamibi and 201TL. The method was adapted from the heart scintigraphy protocol i.e. a sample of one hundred and forty four patients with known or suspected ischemic heart disease (IHD)were administrated to a typically dose of 740 MBq (20 mCi) of 99mTc-MIBI and 74 to 111 MBq (2 to 3 mCi)of 201Tl, Patients under beta-blockers or calcium channel antagonists were asked to discontinue administration for 24 - 48 hours before the stress test, using the slandered Bruce protocol exercise followed by immediate SPECT study for stress ,One to two hours after injection, a rest 201Tl SPECT acquisition was performed, While acquiring rest images for 99mTc-MIBI were obtained two to three hours post stress phase, SPECT acquisition was acquired with 90 degree configuration using contouring centered on the heart. The results analysis was carried out using EXCELL software in form of bars and correlation, which showed that: the male were more common involved by ischemic disease compared to female during the age hood with plateau occurring among age group of 50-70 years old. And the common artery of the heart involved by Ischemia was the left anterior descending artery (LAD) which represented 43% relative to 31% and 26% for LCX and RCA respectively. The reversibility of ischemia in heart arteries were high in case of LAD (43%) and LCX (31%) when detected by 201Tl among male and 99mTc-MIBI among female respectively while RCA shows the less reversibility of ischemia as17% for male by 99mTc-MIBI, 10% for male by 201Tl, 9% for female by 99mTc-MIBI and 11% for female by 201Tl.Also both Tlalium-201 and 99mTc-MIBI can detect the ischemic artery successfully during rest and stress with considerable limited and low exposure dose to other anatomical organs as GIT, Left Lung, and Right Lung.
Assessment of Used Formulae for Sonographic Estimation of Fetal Weight in Sudanese Population
(Scientific Research Publishing, 2016) Ayad,Caroline Edward; Ibrahim,Ahmed Abdelrahim Mohammed; Garelnabi,Mohamed Elfadil Mohamed; Ahmed,Bushra Hussein; Abdalla,Elsafi Ahmed; Saleem,Mohammed Ahmed Elshiekh
The objective of this study is to assess commonly used formulae (Sheppard, Campbell, Hadlock I, II, III, and IV) for estimation of fetal weight in Sudanese population. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at Saudi Hospital-Khartoum-Sudan; from December 2015 to April 2016. The study included 225 singleton pregnancies. The fetal biometry—Biparietal diameter (BPD), head circumference (HC), abdominal circumference (AC), femur length (FL) and actual birth weights (ABW) were taken. Statistical analysis showed significant results at p ≤ 0.005. Results showed that the significant highest positive correlation between the ABW and the EFW/Kg was seen in the Hadlock I, III and IV equations having an equal values (0.951) followed by Hadlock II (0.946), Sheppard (0.872) and lastly Campbell (−0.925) with significant high degree of negative correlation. The new established equation EFWFLHCAC is the best formula identified in our study to predict Su- danese babies weight ranged between 1.86 Kg to 3.987 Kg.
Association of expression C/C .G/G, C/G Genotypes with Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels in Sudanese children with type 1 Diabetes
(Sud Med Lab J, 2023) Hussein,Hiba Omer Abdelrahman; Abdalla,Sababil Salih; Salih,Sakeena NourEldine; Alkhidir,Abdulazeem Abdulsalam Ibrahim; Mahdi,Mohamed Abdelgadir
Background: Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a common complex metabolic disease characterized by the autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing B cells of the pancreatic islets. Due to a drastic loss of B cells, resulting in no to lowinsulin production,. Genetic factors play a significant role in the aetiology of T1D, However, the main causes of morbidity and mortality today are the complications that arise from even mild hyperglycaemia in T1D cases. Glycemic control is often measured using an assay called haemoglobin A1C (HbA1c), that provides an estimate of average blood glucose in individuals over a 3month period. Aim of the study to correlate between the frequencies of C/C,G/G and C/G genotypes and HBA1C levels in T1D patients. Objective: To evaluate the significant correlation between frequencies of genotypes and HBA1C levels. Methods: A total of 100 Sudanese subjects with T1D were enrolled in this study, on the average age between 5 to 18 years. The study was conducted in diabetes central hospitals in Khartoum state. In order to determine the HLA gene polymorphism, the allele-specific-refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction (ARMS-PCR) method was utilized. Results: There were no significant correlation (r= 0.074, P-value = 0.497) between frequencies of genotypes and HBA1C levels. Conclusion: This study identified that there’s no significant correlation between frequencies of genotypes and HBA1C levels.
Association of Plasma Zinc and Prostate‑Specific Antigen in Patients with Prostatic Cancer in Khartoum
(Matrix Science Medica, 2022) Mohammed, Nafisa; Saeed, Ali Awadallah; Mahdi, M. A.
Background: Prostate cancer is the most common visceral cancer in males, ranking as the second most common cause of cancer-related deaths in men older than 50 years of age, after carcinoma of the lung. It is predominantly a disease of older males, with a peak incidence between the ages of 65 and 75 years. This study aimed to estimate the plasma zinc level and plasma prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level in patients suffer from prostate cancer. Materials and Methods: A case–control study was conducted in Khartoum on 100 males aged more than 50 years old which were divided into 50 apparently healthy as control and 50 with prostate cancer as case. A 5 ml of blood specimens was collected in lithium heparin anticoagulants for the estimation of plasma zinc level using Buck model 210 VGP Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (East Norwalk, CT 06855) made in the USA and the plasma total PSA that was measured by immunoassay Sandwich principle HITACHI ROCHE COBAS E 411 (serial number 04641655190 V 13.0). Results: The mean level of plasma zinc was 0.35 mg/L ± standard deviation [SD] 0.14 in case and in control was 0.68mg/L ± SD 0.13, so the P value was 0.002 and PSA was 43.08 ng/ml ± SD 20.08 in case and 3.53 ng/ml ± SD 3.90 in control, so the P value was 0.000, the correlation between the level of plasma PSA with plasma zinc in patients with prostate cancer give R was 0.01 and R2 was 0.001. Conclusion: This study concluded that PSA is significantly increased in patients with prostate cancer and plasma zinc level is significantly decreased in patients with prostate cancer. However, it is statistically significant.