National University - Sudan (NUSU)
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Item Highlighting the Effect of Pro‑inflammatory Mediators in the Pathogenesis of Periodontal Diseases and Alzheimer’s Disease(Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences, 2024) Hashim, Nada; Babiker, Rasha; Mohammed, Riham; Chaitanya, Nallan CSK; Rahman, Muhammed M.; Gismalla, BakriAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurological condition that is much more common as people get older. It may start out early or late. Increased levels of pro‑inflammatory cytokines and microglial activation, both of which contribute to the central nervous system’s inflammatory state, are characteristics of AD. As opposed to this, periodontitis is a widespread oral infection brought on by Gram‑negative anaerobic bacteria. By releasing pro‑inflammatory cytokines into the systemic circulation, periodontitis can be classified as a “low‑grade systemic disease.” Periodontitis and AD are linked by inflammation, which is recognized to play a crucial part in both the disease processes. The current review sought to highlight the effects of pro‑inflammatory cytokines, which are released during periodontal and Alzheimer’s diseases in the pathophysiology of both conditions. It also addresses the puzzling relationship between AD and periodontitis, highlighting the etiology and potential ramifications.Item The Impact of Ozone on Periodontal Cell Line Viability and Function(Current Issues in Molecular Biology, 2025) Hashim, Nada Tawfig; Babiker, Rasha; Dasnadi, Shahistha Parveen; Islam, Md Sofiqul; Chaitanya, Nallan CSK; Mohammed, Riham; Farghal, Nancy Soliman; Gobara, Bakri; Rahman, Muhammed MustahsenPeriodontal diseases, including gingivitis and periodontitis, are chronic inflam matory conditions of the teeth’ supporting structures that can lead to progressive tissue destruction and loss if left untreated. Basic treatments like scaling and root planing, alone or combined with antimicrobial agents, are the standard of care. However, with the increas ing prevalence of antibiotic resistance and the need for new ideas in therapy, adjunctive treatments like ozone therapy have gained attention. Ozone (O3), a triatomic oxygen molecule, is used because of its strong antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and regenera tive activity and, hence, as a potential tool in periodontal therapy. This review of the use of ozone therapy in periodontal disease breaks down the multifaceted mechanism of ozone therapy, which includes the selective antimicrobial action against biofilm-associated pathogens, immunomodulatory effects on host cells, and stimulation of tissue repair. O3 therapy disrupts microbial biofilms, enhances immune cell function, and promotes healing by activating Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 (Nrf2) and Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways that regulate oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. Additional findings include its ability to upregulate growth factors and extracellular matrix proteins, which is significant for periodontal tissue regeneration. This review also discusses the application of O3 therapy in periodontal cell lines, emphasizing its impact on cell viability, proliferation, and differentiation. Advances in periodontal re generative techniques, combined with the antimicrobial and healing properties of O3, have demonstrated significant clinical benefits. Challenges, including the need for standardized dosages, effective delivery systems, and long-term studies, are also addressed to ensure safe and effective clinical integration. O3 therapy, with its dual antimicrobial and regenerative capabilities, offers an innovative adjunctive approach to periodontal treatment. Future research focusing on optimized protocols and evidence-based guidelines is essential to fully realize its potential in enhancing periodontal health and improving patient outcomes.