National University - Sudan (NUSU)
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Item The Potential Role of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells in Regeneration of Peripheral Nerves(Neurology International, 2025) Mohan, Sunil P.; Priya, Sivan P.; Tawfig, Nada; Padmanabhan, Vivek; Babiker, Rasha; Palaniappan, Arunkumar; Prabhu, Srinivasan; Chaitanya, Nallan CSK; Rahman, Muhammed Mustahsen; Islam, MdSofiqulPeripheral nerve injuries are common complications in surgical and dental practices, often resulting in functional deficiencies and reduced quality of life. Current treatment choices, such as autografts, have limitations, including donor site morbidity and suboptimal outcomes. Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) have shown assuring regenerative potential due to their accessibility, ease of harvesting and propagation, and multipotent properties. This review investigates the therapeutic potential of ADSCs in peripheral nerve regeneration, focusing on their use in bioengineered nerve conduits and supportive microenvironments. The analysis is constructed on published case reports, organized reviews, and clinical trials from Phase I to Phase III that investigate ADSCs in managing nerve injuries, emphasizing both peripheral and orofacial applications. The f indings highlight the advantages of ADSCs in promoting nerve regeneration, including their secretion of angiogenic and neurotrophic factors, support for cellular persistence, and supplementing scaffold-based tissue repair. The regenerative capabilities of ADSCs in peripheral nerve injuries offer a novel approach to augmenting nerve repair and functional recovery. The accessibility of adipose tissue and the minimally invasive nature of ADSC harvesting further encourage its prospective application as an autologous cell source in regenerative medicine. Future research is needed to ascertain standardized protocols and optimize clinical outcomes, paving the way for ADSCs to become a mainstay in nerve regeneration.Item The Global Burden of Periodontal Disease: A Narrative Review on Unveiling Socioeconomic and Health Challenges(International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2025) Hashim, Nada Tawfig; Babiker, Rasha; Padmanabhan, Vivek; Ahmed, Azza Tagelsir; Chaitanya, Nallan C. S. K.; Mohammed, Riham; Priya, Sivan Padma; Ahmed, Ayman; El Bahra, Shadi; Islam, Md Sofiqul; Gismalla, Bakri Gobara; Rahman, Muhammed MustahsenAbstract: Periodontal disease is a prevalent chronic inflammatory condition that impacts over a billion people worldwide, leading to substantial tooth loss, reduced quality of life, and heightened systemic health risks. This narrative review synthesizes current evidence regarding the global burden of periodontal disease, its established associations with systemic conditions including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, adverse pregnancy outcomes, respiratory infections, and neurodegenerative disorders, and its significant socioeconomic implications. The review focused on the following research question: What is the global burden of periodontal disease, and how do its systemic and socioeconomic implications necessitate integrated public health strategies? A structured search of the PubMed,Scopus, andWHOdatabasesfrom2000to2024wasconductedtoidentifyrelevant literature using key terms, including “periodontal disease”, “global burden”, “systemic inflammation”, and “public health strategies”. Out of 312 initially identified articles, 175 satisfied the inclusion criteria for the final synthesis. The findings underscore the significance of periodontal disease as a modifiable risk factor for various noncommunicable diseases, the influence of healthcare disparities on disease progression, and the critical necessity for integrated public health strategies to mitigate the global burden of periodontal disease and its consequences. The review concludes that coordinated policy reform, health system integration, and enhanced research efforts are crucial for mitigating the global burden of periodontal disease and advancing health equity.Item NewInsights in Natural Bioactive Compounds for Periodontal Disease: Advanced Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential(Molecules, 2025) Hashim, Nada Tawfig; Babiker, Rasha; Chaitanya, Nallan C. S. K.; Mohammed, Riham; Priya, Sivan Padma; Padmanabhan, Vivek; Ahmed, Ayman; Dasnadi, Shahista Parveen; Islam, Md Sofiqul; Gismalla, Bakri Gobara; Rahman, Muhammed MustahsenAbstract: Periodontal disease is a chronic inflammatory condition that destroys the tooth supporting structures due to the host’s immune response to microbial biofilms. Traditional periodontal treatments, such as scaling and root planing, pharmacological interventions, and surgical procedures, have significant limitations, including difficulty accessing deep periodontal pockets, biofilm recolonization, and the development of antibiotic resistance. In light of these challenges, natural bioactive compounds derived from plants, herbs, and other natural sources offer a promising alternative due to their anti-inflammatory, an tioxidant, antimicrobial, and tissue-regenerative properties. This review focuses on the molecular mechanisms through which bioactive compounds, such as curcumin, resveratrol, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), baicalin, carvacrol, berberine, essential oils, and Gum Arabic, exert therapeutic effects in periodontal disease. Bioactive compounds inhibit critical inflammatory pathways like NF-κB, JAK/STAT, and MAPK while activating protective pathways such as Nrf2/ARE, reducing cytokine production and oxidative stress. They also inhibit the activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), preventing tissue degradation and promoting healing. In addition, these compounds have demonstrated the potential to disrupt bacterial biofilms by interfering with quorum sensing, targeting bacterial cell membranes, and enhancing antibiotic efficacy.Bioactive compounds also modulate the immune system by shifting the balance from pro-inflammatory to anti-inflammatory re sponses andpromotingefferocytosis, which helps resolve inflammation and supports tissue regeneration. However, despite the promising potential of these compounds, challenges related to their poor bioavailability, stability in the oral cavity, and the absence of large-scale clinical trials need to be addressed. Future strategies should prioritize the development of advanced delivery systems like nanoparticles and hydrogels to enhance bioavailability and sustain release, alongside long-term studies to assess the effects of these compounds in human populations. Furthermore, combining bioactive compounds with traditional treatments could provide synergistic benefits in managing periodontal disease. This review aims to explore the therapeutic potential of natural bioactive compounds in managing peri strategies should prioritize the development of advanced delivery systems like nanoparticles and hydrogels to enhance bioavailability and sustain release, alongside long-term studies to assess the effects of these compounds in human populations. Furthermore, combining bioactive compounds with traditional treatments could provide synergistic benefits in managing periodontal disease. This review aims to explore the therapeutic potential of natural bioactive compounds in managing periodontal disease, emphasizing their molecular mechanisms of action and offering insights into their integration with conventional therapies for a more comprehensive approach to periodontal health. odontal disease, emphasizing their molecular mechanisms of action and offering insights into their integration with conventional therapies for a more comprehensive approach to periodontal heal