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Start date: 2023Subject: search.filters.subject.periodontitis

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    NLRP3 Inflammasome in Autoinflammatory Diseases and Periodontitis Advance in the Management
    (Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences, 2024) Hashim, Nada; Babiker, Rasha; Mohammed, Riham; Rehman, Mohammed Mustahsen; Chaitanya, Nallan CSK; Gobara, Bakri
    ct Inflammatory chemicals are released by the immune system in response to any perceived danger, including irritants and pathogenic organisms. The caspase activation and the response of inflammation are governed by inflammasomes, which are sensors and transmitters of the innate immune system. They have always been linked to swelling and pain. Research has mainly concentrated on the NOD‑like protein transmitter 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome. Interleukin (IL)‑1 and IL‑18 are pro‑inflammatory cytokines that are activated by the NOD‑like antibody protein receptor 3 (NLRP3), which controls innate immune responses. The NLRP3 inflammasome has been associated with gum disease and other autoimmune inflammatory diseases in several studies. Scientists’ discovery of IL‑1’s central role in the pathophysiology of numerous autoimmune disorders has increased public awareness of these conditions. The first disease to be connected with aberrant inflammasome activation was the autoinflammatory cryopyrin‑associated periodic syndrome (CAPS). Targeted therapeutics against IL‑1 have been delayed in development because their underlying reasons are poorly understood. The NLRP3 inflammasome has recently been related to higher production and activation in periodontitis. Multiple periodontal cell types are controlled by the NLRP3 inflammasome. To promote osteoclast genesis, the NLRP3 inflammasome either increases receptor‑activator of nuclear factor kappa beta ligand (RANKL) synthesis or decreases osteoclast‑promoting gene (OPG) levels. By boosting cytokines that promote inflammation in the periodontal ligament fibroblasts and triggering apoptosis in osteoblasts, the NLRP3 inflammasome regulates immune cell activity. These findings support further investigation into the NLRP3 inflammasome as a therapeutic target for the medical treatment of periodontitis. This article provides a short overview of the NLRP3 inflammatory proteins and discusses their role in the onset of autoinflammatory disorders (AIDs) and periodontitis.
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    Natural Bioactive Compounds in the Management of Periodontal Diseases: A Comprehensive Review
    (Molecules, 2024) Hashim, Nada Tawfig; Babiker, Rasha; Rahman, MuhammedMustahsen; Mohamed, Riham; Priya , Sivan Padma; Chaitanya, Nallan CSK; Islam, Md Sofiqul; Gobara, Bakri
    Periodontal diseases, chronic inflammatory conditions affecting oral health, are primarily driven by microbial plaque biofilm and the body’s inflammatory response, leading to tissue damage and potential tooth loss. These diseases have significant physical, psychological, social, and economic impacts, necessitating effective management strategies that include early diagnosis, comprehensive treatment, and innovative therapeutic approaches. Recent advancements in biomanufacturing have facilitated the development of natural bioactive compounds, such as polyphenols, terpenoids, alka loids, saponins, and peptides, which exhibit antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and tissue regenerative properties. This review explores the biomanufacturing processes—microbial fermentation, plant cell cultures, and enzymatic synthesis—and their roles in producing these bioactive compounds for managing periodontal diseases. The integration of these natural compounds into periodontal therapy offers promising alternatives to traditional treatments, potentially overcoming issues like antibiotic resistance and the disruption of the natural microbiota, thereby improving patient outcomes.
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    Exploring Salivary Alpha-Amylase as a Biomarker in Periodontitis: A Comparative Analysis of Disease Stages and Clinical Correlations
    (Current Issues in Molecular Biology, 2024) Hashim, Nada Tawfig; Fathima, Sadiah; Hisham, Nurain Mohammad; Shivappa, Pooja; Magaogao, Michael V.; Islam, Md Sofiqul; Ahmed, Sara Faisal; Babiker, Rasha; Rahman, MuhammedMustahsen
    Periodontal disease, characterized by bacterial plaque accumulation and subsequent im muneresponse, can lead to gingivitis and periodontitis if untreated. Salivary alpha-amylase (sAA) has emerged as a potential biomarker with implications in periodontal disease progression. Objec tives: This study aimed to assess and compare salivary alpha-amylase levels in individuals with periodontitis and healthy controls and to investigate its relationship with clinical parameters of periodontal disease. Forty-five participants were categorized into periodontally healthy (n = 13), Stage I and II Periodontitis (n = 17), and Stage III and IV periodontitis (n = 15) groups. Saliva samples were collected and analyzed using ELISA kits. Statistical analyses included tests for normality, group comparisons, post hoc analysis, and correlation analysis. Significant differences in salivary alpha-amylase levels were observed among severity groups (p < 0.05), with higher levels in periodon titis patients than healthy controls. Spearman correlation revealed moderate positive associations between alpha-amylase levels and probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment loss (CAL). Elevated salivary alpha-amylase levels were found to be associated with more severe periodontal disease, suggesting its potential as a biomarker for periodontitis severity. These findings support the utility of salivary biomarkers in periodontal disease diagnosis and monitoring, although further validation and standardization are warranted for clinical application.

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