National University - Sudan (NUSU)
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Item Estimation of Dose Received by Sensitive Organs in External Radiation Therapy of Cervical Carcinoma(International Journal of Science and Research, 2014) Gar-Alnabi,Mohamed E. M; Mohamed,Enaam A; Omer,Mohamed A. Ali; Sakin,Ghada A. E; Farahna,MohammedThe main objective of this study was to estimate dose received by sensitive organs in cervical carcinoma irradiation, out of 200 patients referred to Radiation and Isotopes Center of Khartoum (RICK). After successful investigations, the patients were decided to receive a radical radiotherapy course for stage I and II without hematologic spread. The collected variables were the organs position and depth, patient’s separations, equivalent field size, percentage depth dose DD% and back scatter factor. The graphs and correlation were carried out using EXCELL software and the analysis of results showed that: the bladder, cervix and rectum were situated parallel to each other from anterior to posterior respectively and they have linear correlation in depth wise with patient separation based in equation: y = 0.38x + 5.56, y = 0.39x + 1.82, y = 0.4x – 1.74 respectively, where y refers to organ depth and x refers to patient separation in cm with a significant correlation at R2 = 0.8. The DD% for the tumor (cervix), Bladder, head of femur and the rectum were 89.6%, 61.2, 50.2% and 38.1% respectively. The back scattered radiation increases as the tissue volume increases leading to increment of DD% and the back scatter factor increases exponentially with field size increment based on the following equation: y = 0.022lnx + 0.98, which is so significant at R2 = 0.7, where y refers to BSF and x refers to equivalent field size in cm.Item Metformin: A Dual-Role Player in Cancer Treatment and Prevention: A Comprehensive Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis(Medicina, 2025) Rangraze, Imran; Wali, Adil Farooq; El-Tanani , Mohamed; Patni , Mohamed Anas; Rabbani, Syed Arman; Babiker, Rasha; Satyam, Shakta Mani; El-Tanani, Yahia; Rizzo, ManfrediBackground and Objectives: Metformin is said to reduce the incidences and deaths resulting from cancer in patients suffering from type 2 diabetes mellitus, but the results have been inconsistent. Perform a systematic review and meta-analysis concentrating on the different outcomes of several cancers while taking into account the impact of metformin use. Materials and Methods: As of 15 October 2024, the literature for Medline, Embase, and WebofScience was systematically searched. ROBINS-I and the RoB 2 tool were used for assessing the risk of bias in observational studies and randomized controlled trials (RCTs), respectively. The strength of the evidence with respect to the GRADE criteria was checked. Random effects meta-analyses were conducted alongside sensitivity analyses, subgroup analyses, and meta-regressions. By utilizing funnel plots as well as Egger’s test and trim-and-fill analysis, publication bias was evaluated. Results: In total, 65 studies were included in the final analyses: Metformin intake was linked to a lower risk of cancer (RR 0.72; 95% CI: 0.64–0.81, I2 = 45%). Significant reductions were observed in breast cancer (RR 0.68; 95% CI: 0.55–0.83) and colorectal cancers (RR 0.62; 95% CI: 0.51–0.76). Evidence certainty fluctuated from moderate to low, though analyses confirmed the results. Plofs funded the publication bias, but adjustment in trim-and-fill did not change the outcome significantly. Conclusions: Metformin intake seems to lower the chances of developing several types of cancers, especially breast and colorectal cancers, but the observational designs hinder determining the causal factors for observational studies. There is a need for large RCTsItem Emerging Multifunctional Biomaterials for Addressing Drug Resistance in Cancer(Biology, 2025) El-Tanani, Mohamed; Rabbani, Syed Arman; Babiker, Rasha; El-Tanani, Yahia; Satyam, Shakta Mani; Porntaveetus, ThantriraDrug resistance remains a major barrier to effective cancer treatment, contributing to poor patient outcomes. Multifunctional biomaterials integrating electrical and catalytic properties offer a transformative strategy to target diverse resistance mechanisms. This review explores their ability to modulate cellular processes, remodel the tumor microen vironment (TME), and enhance drug delivery. Electrically active biomaterials enhance drug uptake and apoptotic sensitivity by altering membrane potentials, ion channels, and intracellular signaling, synergizing with chemotherapy. Catalytic biomaterials generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), activate prodrugs, reprogram hypoxic and acidic TME, and degrade the extracellular matrix (ECM) to improve drug penetration. Hybrid nanomaterials (e.g., conductive hydrogels, electrocatalytic nanoparticles), synergize electrical and catalytic properties for localized, stimuli-responsive therapy and targeted drug release, minimizing systemic toxicity. Despite challenges in biocompatibility and scalability, future integration with immunotherapy, personalized medicine, and intelligent self-adaptive systems capable of real-time tumor response promises to accelerate clinical translation. The development of these adaptive biomaterials, alongside advancements in nanotechnology and AI-driven platforms, represents the next frontier in precision oncology. This review highlights the potential of multifunctional biomaterials to revolutionize cancer therapy by addressing multidrug resistance at cellular, genetic, and microenvironmental levels, offering a roadmap to improve therapeutic outcomes and reshape oncology practice.