Faculty of Radiography and Medical Imaging Sciences

Permanent URI for this communityhttps://localhost:4000/handle/123456789/22

Browse

Now showing 1 - 20 of 41

Conversion of Abdominal Physiological Motion into Electrical Signal Using Pressure Sensor
(International Journal of Science and Research, 2012) omer,Mohammed A. Ali; Hassen,Imad B; Husain, ELtaher M; Gar-elnabi,Mohamed E
The organs motion has been as a matter of challenge for radiation therapy experts; hence the aim of this study was to sense the abdominal motion during breathing and converted into electric signal in order to be mimic and synchronize the organ motion during radiotherapy. The integrated silicon pressure sensor MPX4250 has been constructed and the human breathing pressure has been probed by the sensor and converted into voltage: the generated voltage during inhalation increases from zero (0) volt up to about 5 volts as maximum and the correlation between breathing pressure and the generated volts shows the following equations: y = 0.02x + 0.26 (for inhalation) and: y = - 0.02x + 0.26 for (exhalation). The general breathing mechanism gives a saw tooth curve voltage that could be used to express a synchronized abdominal organs motion during radiotherapy.
Evaluation of Diagnostic Radiology Department in Term of Quality Control (QC) of X-Ray Units at Khartoum State Hospitals
(International Journal of Science and Research, 2013) Ismail,H.A; Ali,O.A; Omer,M.A; Garelnabi,M.E; Mustafa,N.S
The mean objective in diagnostic radiology is to in provide high qualitydiagnostic image while keeping the patients and workers dose in the lower limit according toALARA principle, (Maria Lucia Nana et al 2009). To optimize the practice of diagnostic radiology, adequatequality assurance (QA) program should be in place.18 hospitals with 18 x-ray units distributed in Khartoum state were evaluated inthis study.Each x-ray unit was tested for Kvp andtimeReproducibility , accuracy of Kvp and time , mAs linearity, and coincidence between light beam and radiation beam. The dark rooms were alsoevaluated to assess the fog level.CONNY II QC Dosimeter made by PTW company were use to for this study. The analysis of the results showed that two out of eighteenunit had a problem in mAs linearity, also two out of eighteen unit had a problem in kVp accuracy and one had a problem inkVp reproducibility. three devices have defects concerning adaptation with optical fieldand radiation field. More than 50% of the darkrooms had a problem in fog level; time accuracy and time reproducibility were in the acceptable limit.The quality control of the radiologicaldevices should be performed periodically and regularly and the defects of the devices should be removed in order to beassured of the appropriate function of the devices. many of these machines need service because of lack ofimplementing the quality control program regularly, which indicates that the quality control programs should be extendedregularly.because the dark rooms is very important place specially in conventional radiology departmentlike in Sudan so it need to periodic review to monitor the fog.
Assessment of Gamma Camera SPECT Resolution using Developed Quality Control Phantom
(International Journal of Science and Research, 2013) Gar-elnabi,Mohamed E. M; Ali,Wadah M; Omer,Mohammed A. Ali; Edam,Ghada A
The aim of this study; was to developed and designs an indigenous quality control phantom QCP to be used for gamma camera resolution QC test which installed at Royal Care hospital (RCH) and Radiation & Isotopes Center of Khartoum (RICK), as well to compare its performance relative to the standard QC phantom recommended by National Electronic Manufacture Association NEMA. The phantom has been designed based on the parameters and specifications recommended by NEMA with specific indigenous designing in view of utilizing local cheep material such as Perspex and wires lead and geometrical engineering. The comparative QC assessment for RCH and RICK revealed that: for RCH and RICK the resolution was 94.0% and 89.5% respectively which was dependant on the minimum object size resolved in the designed phantom (0.5 mm), while the resolution obtained by NEMA standard phantom showed 95.5% and 91.8% respectively. Quite similar resolution% has been obtained by the designed phantom depending on the object frequency (number of object/cm) i.e. number of lead wires resolved per cm2 , in this view the resolution was resolution was 94% and 90.3% respectively and in comparison with that obtained by NEMA phantom which was 95.5% and 91.8% respectively, the average deviation factor of the designed phantom from the standard was 1.5% - 1.9. Also the general trend of correlation between object size versus resolution showed a linear proportional equation in a form of y = 6.59x + 47.87 and y = 6.64x + 43.1 for RCH and RICK respectively with significant correlation as R2 = 0.98. And for object frequency versus resolution, the equation trend was inversely according to: for RCH and for RICK, where x refers to object frequency and y refers to resolution%, with significant correlation as R2 = 1.
Evaluation of Radiation Dose for Cardiac Catheterization Staff
(International Journal of Science and Research, 2013) Ahmed,Abdelrahman A; Hassan,Abdoelrahman A. B; Garelnabi, M. E. M
This study was aimed to measure and evaluate the staff and patients radiation dose during cardiac catheterization procedures in Al-shab teaching hospital in Khartoum state, Sudan. Staff doses measured in (61) procedures (43) for diagnostic (CA) and (18) for therapeutic percutaneous Coronary Interventional (PCI) procedure using thermo-luminesces Dosimeters (TLDs) (LiF, Mg, Cu, P) at three anatomic locations (waist, chest and hand) for main operator and in the chest to assistant operator. While for patient; the dose measured using dose area product (DAP) meter. The radiation dose for the main operator's waist, chest and hand were 0.0608, 0.1127, 0.2125mGy respectively and for the assistant operator's chest was 0.0134mGy depending on TLD method indicating an increment by 28.8% relative to MPD. The patient dose as DAP measured as in mean 905.479± 6.7mGy. The dose measured in this study was lower than the previous reported studies in literature. This almost due to technical parameters reduction so it reduces the scattering radiation in all examinations which considered one of the major causes of received doses.
Rate of Fatty Liver Disease in Najran Patients between 20-60 Years Old at King Khalid Hospital (Dec 2011-Dec 2012)
(International Journal of Science and Research, 2013) Ahmed,Maha Esmeal; Khalid,Najla Hussein Mohamed; Mehdar,Kholud Mohammed
The aim of this study is to evaluate the results of liver examination by ultrasound in Najran patients during the period Dec 2011- Dec 2012, specifically to discover the rate of incidence of fatty liver and its relationship to risk factors. This is a retrospective, descriptive and quantitative case series using data collected from King Khalid hospital in Najran during the period Dec 2011- Dec 2012, where 957 patients had undergone ultrasound examination for different abdominal diseases. Data of this study was collected using a check list from the PACS (picture archive and communicating system) and the results were analyzed by using SPSS computer system. Data for a total of 957 patients who had completed abdominal ultrasound were collected. 319 were found to have fatty liver as diagnosed by ultrasound. The mean age of the study group was (49.6 ± 14.1), the mean weight was (78± 6.12), and an elevated level of ALT (alanine aminotransferase ), AST (aspartate aminotransferase) was detected in 55.7 % and 43.2% respectively . A BMI (Body mass index) > 25kg/m2 was detected in 80 % of the patient. The prevalence of NAFLD (non alcoholic fatty liver disease) was 33.3 % and it was more common in females (178, 55.4%) than in males (141, 44.1%). It is highest in the age group 40-60 years old. Diabetes was present in 24.1 % (77 patients with high fasting glucose), obesity in 45.7% (147 patients). Of the all patients, high cholesterol was present in 23, 7 % of the total. The prevalence of fatty liver in Najran patients is high. It is more common in the female than male. Obesity and diabetes are the common risk factors associated with fatty liver disease.
Influence of ear side and gender on Distortion Product of normal hearing Iraqi population of age (21-30) years
(Elixir International Journal, 2014) Elfadil,Mohamed; Alhayani,Salah; A.Eesee,Maha
The goal of this study was to evaluate Distortion Product Otoacoustic emissions in the normal hearing subjects regarding to the following variables; ear side & gender. The purpose of this work is to study the influence of the ear side and gender on the distortion product Otoacoustic emission of normal hearing Iraqi population of age (21-30) years. The decision about whether a Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emission is present often depends on a visual assessment of the response along with certain objective criteria, such as DP1 level (amplitude) and the signal-to-noise ratio of the response compared to the noise. DPOAEs were considered present when the signal was at least 3 dB above the corresponding noise level. In the present study, the overall SNR for each tested ear was more than 3 dB SPL at the overall frequency bands. The findings from this study revealed an ear asymmetry and gender effect on the parameters of the DPOAEs (SNRs dB SPL &DP1 level dB) in Iraqi subjects. Right ears were found to produce higher DPOAEs- SNRs than left ears and The DPOAEs (DP1 level dB) in the right ears was higher than that in the left ears .The minimum value of the whole Signal-to-noise ratio (SNRs) recorded for all tested ears was above 3 dB SPL over frequency bands 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 6.0 and 8.0 kHz. The mean value of the whole SNRs in 56 ears was (10.53 dB SPL), ranged from 3.0 to 28.30 dB SPL. In females; the mean value of whole SNRs (11.27 dB SPL) was higher than that in males (9.8 dB SPL). The mean value of SNRs in the right ears female (11.38 dB SPL) was higher than that in the left ears female (11.16 dB SPL), while in male; the mean value of SNRs in the right ears male (10.08 dB SPL) was higher than that in the left ears male (9.52 dB SPL). The results show The minimum and the maximum value of the whole Distortion product (DP1 Level) recorded for all tested ears (56) was -10.7 and 25.6 dB respectively over frequency bands 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 6.0 and 8.0 kHz. The mean value of the whole DP1 level in 56 ears was (6.50 dB), ranged from (-10.7 to 25.6 dB). In females; the mean value of whole DP1 Level (7.72 dB) was higher than that in males (5.28 dB). The mean value of DP1 level in the right ears female (8.22 dB) was higher than that in the left ears female (7.23 dB), while in male; the mean value of DP1 level in the right ears male (5.58 dB) was higher than that in the left ears male (4.98 dB).
Controlling Collimator Motion in Cobalt-60 Radiotherapy Machine by Converted Breathing Electrical Signal
(Journal of Multidisciplinary Engineering Science and Technology, 2014) Omer,Mohammed A. Ali; Gar-elnabi,Mohamed E. M; Hassen,Imad B; Husain,ELtaher M
The respiration (Inhalation and Expiration) as physiological mechanism causes the internal human organs displaced partially away from the field size boundary area during radiotherapy; as the collimator of radiotherapy machine is fixed, hence the aim of the following study was to convert the breathing physiological motion into electric signal and further to set the collimator in real dynamic synchronized with breathing mechanism. With usage of pressure sensor; the mechanical motion of abdomen due to breathing has been converted into analog electrical signal in a real time sinusoidal mode, then with usage of a microcontroller; the analog signal has been converted to digital discrete sequence signals form with (0-5) volts {1100,0110,0011,1001}and {1001, 0011, 0110, 1100}, then these signals connected to the stepper motor in sequence form; via the driver circuit (ULN2003A) which link and gives enough voltage (0-12) volts to turn the stepper motor in clock wise direction (CW), in respect to signal {1100,0110,0011,1001} or counter clock wise (CCW), in respect to signal {1001, 0011, 0110, 1100} which is corresponding to collimator motion of radiotherapy machine (Co-60) in synchronized pattern to abdominal motion induced by breathing mechanism.
Measurement of Radiation Dose in Radiotherapy using PVA/AgNO3 Composite Film
(INDIAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH, 2014) Ismail,Hamed A; Omer,Mohammed A. Ali; Gar-elnabi,Mohamed E. M; Mustafa,Nuha S; Khidir,Nasr Aldeen N
The composite films of PVA/AgNO3 have been prepared using casting technique which after irradiation with γ-ray and receiving doses in the range of 1, 2, 4... 12 and 15 Gy) at entrance and exit beam of a phantom, they showed a color changes from white to light yellow, golden, brown and dark brown. The characterization of films by UV-visible spectroscope showed and absorption peaks at 200 and 410 nm, and the absorption peak increase following the increment of applied radiation dose in a linear form based on the following equations: and for entrance and exit dose respectively, where y refers to the absorption in (au) and x refers to the dose in Gray (Gy) with a correlation coefficient of . And the optical density showed great and significant relation between the dose and optical density in a form of linear proportional relation based on the following equations: and for entrance and exit doses respectively, where y refers to optical density and x refers to the applied dose in Gy.
Measurement of Cranial and Brain Ventricle Volumes Relative to Pathologies
(International Journal of Science and Research, 2014) Omer,Mohammed A. Ali; Alasar,Emad M. Mukhtar; Gar-elnabi,Mohamed E. M; Sakin,Ghada A. E; Bushara,Yahia M
A volumetric study has been carried out using CT imaging to measure the cranial volume and correlate with the common pathologies that influencing their dimension such as brain ventricle volume and cranial volume. The study taking a sample of 150 patients referred to hospital for CT imaging version (GE - bright speed 16 slice - 2002). And according to basic protocol, spiral scanning with equal slice thickness and interval space, patient without contrast media, supine position, head first, orbito-metal line as anatomical reference, radiographic base line (RBL) perpendicular to couch, and the reconstruction of images have been carried out according to organ of interest for diagnosis. The results showed that: the incidence of pathologies that influencing the brain ventricle volumes and cranial volume was higher among male with 62% relative to 38% among female and the common pathology that influences the cranial and brain volume was the hydrocephalus taking a percent of 40.5%, mixed (hydrocephalus and tumor) represents 23%, tumors 21.5% and schizophrenia 15%. In relation to age groups, these pathologies have been peaking on age groups 1-10 years old which representing (40%) and among age groups of 55-65 years old 25%. The age was correlated with ventricle and cranial volumes in a form of linear proportional equation: (y = 0 .71x +12.12) and (y = 18.35x + 2776), where x refers to age in years and y refers volume of ventricle and cranial in cm3 . In relation between cranial volumes with age among both gender: The cranial volume increases by aging among male and female up to 21-30 years old, then became semi-constant after, and the male cranial volume was 3191.7± STD114 cm3 which is greater than in female which was 3133 ± STD124 cm3 in average. While the relation between the ventricle volumes and age groups for both genders, revealed that: the brain ventricles volume increase with aging among both genders, in a relation that could be fitted in the following form: (y = 5.97x + 2075) among male and (y = 5.61x + 13.48) among female, where x refers to age in years and y refers to ventricle volume in cm3. The correlation so significant at R2 = 0.8, and the ventricles volumes of male appear greater than in female i.e. 50.6± STD17.9 for male and 41.5± STD17.3 for female. The ratio of ventricle\cranial volumes have been influenced by cranial pathologies, leading to increment of ventricular\cranial ration as follows: for mixed i.e. (tumor\hydrocephalus) representing 0.06, hydrocephalus 0.1, tumor 0.02 and schizophrenia was 0.03 relative to normal case which was 0.01.
Characterization of symptomatic Knee Joint in Sudanese
(Scholars Journal of Applied Medical Sciences, 2014) Mustafa,Badria Awad Elamin Mustafa; Garelnabi,MEM; Mohamed,Sharaf Elgizouly; Abdulrahim,Salah Mohamed; Osman,H
Knee Joint is one of largest and complex joint in the human body. The aim of this study was to characterize symptomatic knee joints in Sudanese population by using height and circumference of knee joint to predict pathological changes that appear in the planner x-ray film in advance. A total of 257 symptomatic knee joints were measured. One hundred and six showed no change in the x-ray film ‘normal’, (56 male and 50 female), 151 of symptomatic patient’s showed change of knee joint in the plain x-ray ‘diseased’ (55 males and 96 females). Their age range between 18-65 years, bio-data such as height, weight, body mass index heights and circumferences of knees were recorded. In this study we found that there is a significant difference between the height and circumference of the knee for male and female, but there is inclusive differences regarding Rt and Lt knee in normal cases. While the circumference of the knee showed a significant difference between those with remarkable x-ray changes and the symptomatic one without obvious x-ray changes. In conclusion we can estimate the symptomatic patient without changes in X-ray from those with changes by using their age, body mass index and period of disease in a multi-regression equation to predict each groups where the index of possibility increase 0.009, 0.003 and 0.015 for age, period of disease and body mass index respectively; where index one indicate no change in x-ray and index two indicate presence of changes.
Evaluation of Breast Cancer Metastasis to The Skeletal System by Using Bone Scintigraphy
(INDIAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH, 2014) Omer,Mohammed A. Ali; Gar-alnabi,M. E. M; Yousef,Mohamed; Sakin,Gada A.E
The aim of this study was to evaluate the breast cancer metastasis to specific preference parts of skeletal system using bones scintigraphy with consideration to metastatic from both breasts. The sample consists of 430 patients who refereed for bone scintigraphy at radiation and isotopes center in Khartoum during 2010-2013, after a confirmation of breast cancer based on histology, more variables as gender, age, involved quadrant and breast, anatomical sites of metastasis from both breast have been collected and analyzed. The analysis reveals that the left breast was highly involved by cancer 64% relative to right one. Breast cancer starts on age group of 20-30 years old and taking the plateau at 40-50 years old then decreases following aging. The right and left breasts cancer commonly gives metastases to lumbar vertebrae (26.7%, 22%), then dorsal vertebrae (14%, 19%), the pelvic bone (10%, 12.7%), the ribs (5%, 11.3%), the cervical vertebrae (8.7%, 10.7%), the skull (7.3%, ) and the femur bone with percentage of (6.7%, 10%) respectively and the right breast cancer gives higher metastatic percent to skeletal system segments 58.1% (250) than the left breast cancer41.9% (180), the predominant type of histopathology was Invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) that representing 38% then the Adenoid carcinoma 27% and invasive lobular carcinoma 17%. The common involved quadrant by cancer was the upper outer quad- rant UOQ 44%, inner upper quadrant 17%., lower outer quadrant LOQ, lower inner quadrant LIQ and the nipple showed the following percentages 17%, 15%, 13%, and 11% respectively.
Effects of Static Magnetic Field in Albino Rats Blood Electrolytes
(International Journal of Science and Research, 2014) Omer,Mohammed A. Ali; Gar-elnabi,Mohamed E. M; Yousef, Mohamed
The effects of static magnetic field of 1.5 Tesla during exposure time of 0-3 hours have been characterized among four groups (E0, E1, E2 and E3) of Rat's tissues (brain, lungs, liver and pancreas) and blood electrolytes (Na+ , K+ and Ca+2). Before the exposure, the average levels for electrolytes were 116.81± 3.67, 5.16 ± 0.28 mmol/l and 10.23 ± 0.07 mg/dl respectively. Then a significant (R2 =98, P = 0.05) reduction in Na+ , Ca+2 have been noticed following the exposure time in a linear correlation observed and the reduction was 31.55% and 15.59% respectively, while the K+ increased following the exposure time in a linear form and the increment percent at 3 hours of exposure was 47.76%.
Influence of age on Distortion Product of normal hearing Iraqi subjects
(Elixir International Journal, 2014) Elfadil,Mohamed; Alhayani,Salah; A.Eesee,Maha
The purpose of this work is to study the influence of the age, ear side and gender on the distortion product Otoacoustic emission for normal hearing subjects. The decision about whether a Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emission is present often depends on a visual assessment of the response along with certain objective criteria, such as DP1 level dB and SNR dB SPL (signal to Noise Ratio). DPOAEs were considered present when the signal was at least 3 dB above the corresponding noise level. In the present study, the overall SNR for each tested ear was more than 3 dB SPL at the overall frequency bands. The findings from this study revealed an age, ear asymmetry and gender effect on the DPOAEs (DP1 level dB) for all subjects groups. Right ears were found to produce higher DPOAEs (DPI level dB) than left ears and The DPOAEs (DP1 level dB) in the females was higher than that in males and also (DPI Level dB) in group I (2-10) years was higher than that in other groups, in group II (11-20) years (DPI Level) was higher than in groups III&IV and in groups III (DPI Level dB) was higher than that in group IV. The results show the minimum and the maximum value of the whole Distortion Product (DP1 Level) recorded for all tested (212) ear was (-3.65dB) and (20.39dB) respectively over frequency bands 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 6.0 and 8.0 kHz.
Estimation of Dose Received by Sensitive Organs in External Radiation Therapy of Cervical Carcinoma
(International Journal of Science and Research, 2014) Gar-Alnabi,Mohamed E. M; Mohamed,Enaam A; Omer,Mohamed A. Ali; Sakin,Ghada A. E; Farahna,Mohammed
The main objective of this study was to estimate dose received by sensitive organs in cervical carcinoma irradiation, out of 200 patients referred to Radiation and Isotopes Center of Khartoum (RICK). After successful investigations, the patients were decided to receive a radical radiotherapy course for stage I and II without hematologic spread. The collected variables were the organs position and depth, patient’s separations, equivalent field size, percentage depth dose DD% and back scatter factor. The graphs and correlation were carried out using EXCELL software and the analysis of results showed that: the bladder, cervix and rectum were situated parallel to each other from anterior to posterior respectively and they have linear correlation in depth wise with patient separation based in equation: y = 0.38x + 5.56, y = 0.39x + 1.82, y = 0.4x – 1.74 respectively, where y refers to organ depth and x refers to patient separation in cm with a significant correlation at R2 = 0.8. The DD% for the tumor (cervix), Bladder, head of femur and the rectum were 89.6%, 61.2, 50.2% and 38.1% respectively. The back scattered radiation increases as the tissue volume increases leading to increment of DD% and the back scatter factor increases exponentially with field size increment based on the following equation: y = 0.022lnx + 0.98, which is so significant at R2 = 0.7, where y refers to BSF and x refers to equivalent field size in cm.
CHARACTERIZATION OF KNEE JOINT CHANGES IN SUDANESE USING PLAIN X-RAY
(Medico Researh Chronicles, 2015) Mustafa,Badria Awad Elamin; Garelnabi,MEM; Mohamed,Sharaf Elgizouly; Yousef,Mohamed; Abdulrahim,Salah Mohamed; Osman,H
The aim of this study was to characterize knee joints changes in Sudanese population using plain x-ray, in order to comprehend the potential pathological changes that might appears in the plain x-ray film also to calculate bone size for artificial knee joint before surgery. A total of 257 symptomatic knee joints were enrolled in this study,106 showed no change in the x-ray film ‘normal’, (56 male and 50 female), 151 showed change of knee joint in the plain x-ray (55 males and 96 females).Their age range from18 to 78 years. In this study also study found that the mediolateral femur measurements for male is equal to 6.4 ±1.03 and 5.9± 0.7 for female and the mediolateral tibia measurements is equal to 6.8 ± 0.9 for male and 6.3 ± 0.6 for female. These differences were significant at p=0.05 using the t-test with t=2.62 for male and t=3.07 for female and p=0.04 and 0.02 respectively. The mediolateral femur and tibia measurement were significantly correlated with the height and circumference of the knee, as well these measurements were correlated significantly with the artificial femur and tibia size. Also this study found that the diagnosis = [(TL2X×0.86) + (FL1X×-0.29) + (TW3X×0.63) + (TL1X×0.38)] – 5.85. To identifies the normal for symptomatic cases where the result =1, the patient were normal otherwise patient were affected.
Ultrasonographic Study of Patients with Positive Schistosomiasis Infection in Shikan Region-Sudan
(WULFENIA JOURNAL, 2015) Gabraldar,Mudawi Bakheit; Abdallh,Elsafi Ahmed; Garelnabi,M.E.M; Ahmed,Bushra Hussien; Saeed,Abdelmoneim; Ayad,Caroline Edward
Schistosomiasis (Bilharziasis) is one of the most prevalent tropical diseases. Sonography is among the most valuable diagnostic tools for Schistosomiasis-related organ lesions. This study delineates typical findings in patients who were infected by Schistosomiasis. This study was conducted in Shikan in North Kordofan State in Elobied Teaching Hospital. Ultrasound scans were done using Fukuda 4100 machine fitted with convex probe 3.5 MHz. The sample size was 108 patients 97(89.8%) were males and 11(10.2%) were females, their ages ranged between ˂10years ˃40 years old with mean age of 14.80±8.438years old. The results of the study showed that patients’ demographics including age, gender and occupation were significantly correlated with gastrointestinal manifestations of Schistosomiasis at p˂0.000. The prevalence of urinary bladder manifestation was found to be: (17.6%) have localized urinary bladder wall thickness and (82 %) have general thickness. Other bladder lesions including polyps and calcification were seen in (20%) while (80%) showed no lesion. The renal pelvicalyceal system and lower ureteric end were found to be normal in the majority of patients constituted (94%) and (96%) respectively.
Assessment of Ischemic Coronary Arteries Prevalence, Reversibility and Relative Dose Ratio% Using 99Mtc- Sestamibi and 201Tl
(PARIPEX - INDIAN JOURNAL OF RESEARCH, 2016) Adam,Mohamed Elwathiq; Gar- elnabi,Mohamed E. M; Sakin,Ghada A. E; Omer,Mohamed A. Ali
The aim of this study was to assess the ischemic coronary arteries prevalence, reversibility and the relative dose ratio% using 99mTc-Sestamibi and 201TL. The method was adapted from the heart scintigraphy protocol i.e. a sample of one hundred and forty four patients with known or suspected ischemic heart disease (IHD)were administrated to a typically dose of 740 MBq (20 mCi) of 99mTc-MIBI and 74 to 111 MBq (2 to 3 mCi)of 201Tl, Patients under beta-blockers or calcium channel antagonists were asked to discontinue administration for 24 - 48 hours before the stress test, using the slandered Bruce protocol exercise followed by immediate SPECT study for stress ,One to two hours after injection, a rest 201Tl SPECT acquisition was performed, While acquiring rest images for 99mTc-MIBI were obtained two to three hours post stress phase, SPECT acquisition was acquired with 90 degree configuration using contouring centered on the heart. The results analysis was carried out using EXCELL software in form of bars and correlation, which showed that: the male were more common involved by ischemic disease compared to female during the age hood with plateau occurring among age group of 50-70 years old. And the common artery of the heart involved by Ischemia was the left anterior descending artery (LAD) which represented 43% relative to 31% and 26% for LCX and RCA respectively. The reversibility of ischemia in heart arteries were high in case of LAD (43%) and LCX (31%) when detected by 201Tl among male and 99mTc-MIBI among female respectively while RCA shows the less reversibility of ischemia as17% for male by 99mTc-MIBI, 10% for male by 201Tl, 9% for female by 99mTc-MIBI and 11% for female by 201Tl.Also both Tlalium-201 and 99mTc-MIBI can detect the ischemic artery successfully during rest and stress with considerable limited and low exposure dose to other anatomical organs as GIT, Left Lung, and Right Lung.
New Sudanese Reference Chart of Fetal Biometry and Weight Using Ultrasonography
(Scientific Research Publishing, 2016) Ayad,Caroline Edward; Ibrahim,Ahmed Abdelrahim Mohammed; GarElnabi,Mohammed Elfadil Mohammed; Ahmed,Bushra Hussein; Abdalla,Elsafi Ahmed; Saleem,Mohammed Ahmed Elshiekh
Background: Many centers in Sudan use the reference data for fetal biometry. The recently pub- lished population-based reference either overestimated or underestimated the weight of the fe- tuses. Objective: To establish a national reference for fetal biometry, and weight by gestational age for singleton fetuses in Sudan. Methods: Data were collected on all singleton live births docu- mented in the data collection sheet done at Saudi Hospital from 2015 to 2016 (n = 225). Gesta- tional age estimation was based on the last menstrual period and fetal ultrasound thereafter. Fetal biometry and weight and other 6 fetal weight formulae were assessed. Reference data for fetal growth by gestational age were created. Results: New charts and reference equations are reported in Sudanese population for fetal biparietal diameter, head circumference, abdominal circumfe- rence and femur length and fetal weight. Conclusion: We advocate that these reference charts and equations for fetal biometry and weight might be valuable in the clinical use for appropriate eth- nic Sudanese.
Assessment of Used Formulae for Sonographic Estimation of Fetal Weight in Sudanese Population
(Scientific Research Publishing, 2016) Ayad,Caroline Edward; Ibrahim,Ahmed Abdelrahim Mohammed; Garelnabi,Mohamed Elfadil Mohamed; Ahmed,Bushra Hussein; Abdalla,Elsafi Ahmed; Saleem,Mohammed Ahmed Elshiekh
The objective of this study is to assess commonly used formulae (Sheppard, Campbell, Hadlock I, II, III, and IV) for estimation of fetal weight in Sudanese population. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at Saudi Hospital-Khartoum-Sudan; from December 2015 to April 2016. The study included 225 singleton pregnancies. The fetal biometry—Biparietal diameter (BPD), head circumference (HC), abdominal circumference (AC), femur length (FL) and actual birth weights (ABW) were taken. Statistical analysis showed significant results at p ≤ 0.005. Results showed that the significant highest positive correlation between the ABW and the EFW/Kg was seen in the Hadlock I, III and IV equations having an equal values (0.951) followed by Hadlock II (0.946), Sheppard (0.872) and lastly Campbell (−0.925) with significant high degree of negative correlation. The new established equation EFWFLHCAC is the best formula identified in our study to predict Su- danese babies weight ranged between 1.86 Kg to 3.987 Kg.
Characterization of Kidney Infection in Ultrasound B-mode Images Using Texture Analysis
(International Journal of Science and Research, 2016) Garelnabi,MEM; Abdulallah,Ibtisam; Bakry,A. H. A; Abdulla,Elsafi Ahmed; Adam,Mohamed
The general objective of this study was to develop an algorithm that can extracted textural features from ultrasound images of normal and abnormal kidneys in order to classify these images as having normal tissues, glomerulonephritis, or pyelonephritis. Linear discriminant analysis was used to classify the extracted features from the medulla and pelvic calycle system of kidneys ultrasound images. The results of the study showed that the overall accuracy using medulla texture equal to 98% while for those extracted from pelvic calycle system was 95.7. In conclusion linear function was developed to classify other ultrasound images with an error <5%.