National University - Sudan (NUSU)

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Start date: 2023

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    Effect of Creative Teaching Intervention for Adolescents with Severe Refractory Asthma on their Own Medications Adherence, Asthma Control and Hospital Readmission
    (International Egyptian Journal of Nursing Sciences and Research (IEJNSR), 2024) Hassan, Ghada.A.; Mohammed, Esraa Gamal; Mohamed, Rawia Abd El-ghany
    Background: Severe refractory asthma characterized by difficulty in achieving disease control despite high-intensity treatment. Asthma burden is particularly notable in adolescents and associated with higher rates of prevalence and mortality compared with younger children. So, healthcare professionals should dedicate their effort to educate adolescents with severe refractory asthma. Aim: evaluate the effect of creative teaching intervention for adolescents with severe refractory asthma on their own medications' adherence, asthma control, and hospital readmission. Research design: A quasi- experimental design. Setting: The pediatric in-patient wards at Benha University Hospital. Sample: It is composed of 100 adolescents with severe refractory asthma who attended in the previous setting during study period. Tools of data collection: Tool I; Structured Interview Questionnaire, Tool II; observation checklist, Tool III: Asthma Morisky Medication Adherence Scale, Tool IV; Asthma Control Test. Tool V; Assessment sheet for asthma outcomes. Results: Less than two thirds of the adolescents in study group had high medication adherence level, and approximately two thirds of them had well asthma control, in addition to, two thirds did not readmit to the hospital after 30 post intervention with statistically significant differences between study and control group after the intervention. Conclusion: creative teaching intervention impacted positively on adolescent's knowledge level, practice, medications adherence, asthma control and decrease hospital readmission. Recommendation: Further studies for implementation of other creative teaching interventions for enhancement of asthma care should be done.
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    PI3K/AKT/mTOR Pathway in Breast Cancer Pathogenesis and Therapy: Insights into Phytochemical-Based Therapeutics
    (Nutrition and Cancer, 2025) Wali, Adil Farooq; Talath, Siajunisa; El Tanani, Mohamed; Rangraze, Imran Rashid; Babiker, Rasha; Shafi, Sadat; Bansal, Ruby
    Breast cancer (BC) is listed as the most prevalent cancer form in women worldwide, with major subtypes classified by hormone receptor (HR) and HER2 status including, HR+/HER2– (~65–70%), HER2+ (~15–20%), Triple-Negative-HR–/HER2– (~10–15%) and rare sybtypes (<5%). Scientific evidence has revealed that PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling cascade plays an important role in the development and progression of BC, contributing to key cellular processes including cell growth, proliferation, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Dysregulation of the components of this cascade including functional loss of Phosphatase and TENsin homolog (PTEN), PI3K hyperactivation, and gain-of-function of AKT, are frequently observed in BC subtypes, making it a promising target for therapeutic intervention. A myriad of studies have documented the potential of phytochemicals, including curcumin, chrysin, fisetin, genistein, resveratrol and lycopene as modulators of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR axis. These phytochemicals exhibit multifaceted mechanisms of action, including inhibition of key kinases, induction of apoptosis, suppression of angiogenesis, and reversal of resistance to chemotherapy. This review aims to provide a detailed overview about the role of PI3K/AKT/mTOR alteration in BC development and the current research on phytochemicals that modulate the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in BC. We documented the molecular mechanisms through which these compounds exert their effects, their potential synergistic interactions with conventional therapies, and the challenges and prospects for their clinical application. The evidence presented underscores the promise of phytochemicals as novel, less toxic adjuncts to traditional BC therapies, warranting further exploration and development for clinical use
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    Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Sudanese Candida parapsilosis: a sustainable approach to combat antimicrobial resistance
    (BMC Microbiology, 2025) Ibrahim, Nesreen A. A.; Saeed, Humodi A.; Saeed, Samar M.; Mohamed, Osama; Suliman, Omnia H.; Ibrahim, Sabah A. E.; Mohamed, Sofia B
    Background Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a critical global health challenge, particularly in Sudan, where the overuse and misuse of antibiotics have driven the rise of multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens. Conventional antimicrobial strategies often fall short due to rapid resistance development and limited efficacy, highlighting the need for novel approaches. Nanotechnology offers promising alternatives, with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) demonstrating potent broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. This study aims to develop an eco-friendly synthesis of AgNPs using Candida parapsilosis (C. parapsilosis), an untapped yeast strain isolated from Sudanese soil, to combat AMR. Results Biosynthesis of AgNPs using C. parapsilosis was successfully confirmed through UV-Vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), revealing well-defined nanoparticles. The biosynthesized AgNPs exhibited strong antibacterial activity against both ATCC reference strains and MDR clinical isolates of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, with inhibition zones increasing in a concentration-dependent manner. At optimal concentrations, inhibition zones reached 29 mm for Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P.aeruginosa) (ATCC 27853), while clinical isolates of Salmonella typhi (S. typhi) (24.5 ± 0.58 mm) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) (23.8 ± 0.79 mm) exhibited significant susceptibility. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) assays demonstrated potent bactericidal activity, particularly against E. coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) at 0.3125 mg/mL. Furthermore, AgNPs synergistically enhanced the efficacy of conventional antibiotics in a species- and antibiotic-dependent manner. The strongest synergy was observed in Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) (up to 9.84-fold with Colistin) and Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) (up to 5.11-fold with Ceftazidime), suggesting that AgNP-enhanced antibiotic efficacy varies depending on bacterial species, nanoparticle synthesis method, and antibiotic type. Conclusions This study presents a novel and sustainable approach to tackling AMR by leveraging Sudanese yeast strains for the green synthesis of AgNPs. The findings underscore the potential of AgNPs as an effective antibacterial agent, both independently and in combination with conventional antibiotics, to combat MDR pathogens. By integrating microbiology and nanotechnology, this research offers a cost-effective and environmentally friendly
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    Sudan’s tuberculosis response needs global support amid conflict
    (LANCET, 2025) Al Zamel, Ahmad Mohammad; Saeed, Ali Awadallah; Elmubarak, Mazin; Alsarraj, Mohamed Abdulmonem
    As Sudan enters its third year of war, tuberculosis continues to pose a serious threat to public health amid systemic health-care collapse.1 In 2024 alone, the Federal Ministry of Health in Sudan officially reported 14 310 new tuberculosis cases, reflecting the persistence of the disease despite widespread insecurity and disruption of services.
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    Evaluation of oxidative stress Parameters among Cataracts Patients in Khartoum state
    (International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Applications, 2025) Babakr,Abdullatif Taha; Modawe,Gad Allah; Omer,Naglaa A; Elobeid,Alaa E; Hussein,Aya M; Ahmed, Shaza M; Mahdi,Mahammed A; Wagea Alla,Dalia I; Dafalla,Abuagla M
    Background: Epidemiological studies have consistently shown that oxidative stress plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of various types of diseases includingCataracts, a common eye condition characterized by the clouding of the lens, leading to decreased vision. Objective: The aim of the present study is to compare the plasma levels of Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC), Malondialdehyde (MDA), Catalase (CAT), Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Glutathione peroxidase (GPx),and Glutathione reductase (GRx) activities in Cataracts patients and controls in Khartoum state. Materials and Methods: This study was carried out in hospitals across Khartoum state, from January to April 2023. The study included a total of 100 participants, categorized into 50 Cataracts patients as the case group and 50 healthy subjects as the control group. Data was collected through structured questionnaires and blood sample analyzed. Plasma antioxidant parameters were measured using atomic absorption spectrophotometry methods. Data analysis were performed using SPSS version 27. Results: The levels of plasma MDA, CAT, and SOD enzymes were found to be significantly increased in the case group compared to controls.However, the TAC, GPx, and GRx enzyme levels did not show significant differences between cases and controls. There was no correlation found between the study parameters and the age and duration of disease in patients. Conclusion: Cataracts could be linked to elevated levels of MDA, an indicator of oxidative stress. Additionally, in patients with Cataracts, the enzymes CAT and SOD might increase as a compensatory response to oxidative stress.
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    Unraveling the tumor microenvironment: Insights into cancer metastasis and therapeutic strategies
    (Cancer Letters, 2024) El-Tanani, Mohamed; Rabbani , Syed Arman; Babiker, Rasha; Rangraze, Imran; Kapre, Sumedha; Palakurthi, Sushesh Srivastsa; Alnuqaydan, Abdullah M.; Aljabali, Alaa A.; Rizzo, Manfredi; El-Tanani, Yahia; Tambuwala, Murtaza M.
    This comprehensive review delves into the pivotal role of the tumor microenvironment (TME) in cancer metastasis and therapeutic response, offering fresh insights into the intricate interplay between cancer cells and their surrounding milieu. The TME, a dynamic ecosystem comprising diverse cellular and acellular elements, not only fosters tumor progression but also profoundly affects the efficacy of conventional and emerging cancer therapies. Through nuanced exploration, this review illuminates the multifaceted nature of the TME, elucidating its capacity to engender drug resistance via mechanisms such as hypoxia, immune evasion, and the establishment of physical barriers to drug delivery. Moreover, it investigates innovative therapeutic approaches aimed at targeting the TME, including stromal reprogramming, immune microenvironment modulation, extracellular matrix (ECM)-targeting agents, and personalized medicine strategies, highlighting their po tential to augment treatment outcomes. Furthermore, this review critically evaluates the challenges posed by the complexity and heterogeneity of the TME, which contribute to variable therapeutic responses and potentially unintended consequences. This underscores the need to identify robust biomarkers and advance predictive models to anticipate treatment outcomes, as well as advocate for combination therapies that address multiple facets of the TME. Finally, the review emphasizes the necessity of an interdisciplinary approach and the integration of cutting-edge technologies to unravel the intricacies of the TME, thereby facilitating the development of more effective, adaptable, and personalized cancer treatments. By providing critical insights into the current state of TME research and its implications for the future of oncology, this review highlights the dynamic and evolving landscape of this field.
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    Neurological Manifestation among Patients with Visceral Leishmaniasis at the Tropical Teaching Hospital – Khartoum
    (Zagazig University Medical Journal, 2023) Ebrahim, Ahmed Alameleman Edris; Saeed, Mohammed Khalfallah; Nail, Abdelsalam; Abdelmalik, Rawan Iz Eldin Mohamed; Mohammed, Eltayeb Abdalla; Ahmed, Sali Elhaj; Ahmed, Ahmed Abdelaziz; Babiker, Rasha; Ali, Ibrahim A
    Background: Leishmaniasis is an endemic disease in Sudan that caused by Leishmania spp. Several studies suggest neurological manifestations in visceral leishmaniasis, such as burning sensation, and weakness. This study was aimed to assess the frequency of the neurological manifestations in Visceral Leishmaniasis. Methods: This is a descriptive, prospective cohort study, was conducted in The Tropical Teaching Hospital – Khartoum for one-year duration. A pretested questionnaire contained the study variables were conducted, nerve conduction Study (NCS) and laboratory tests were done. SPSS v 26.0 was used to analyze the data. Results: Forty four percent of total patients (22/50) were symptomatic.Peripheral neuropathy was elicited in 60% (30/50), Numbness has been the most common feature 56.6% (17/30), and Weakness 26.6% (8/30) all were Axonal damage. Sensorimotor neuropathy was exhibited in 70% (21/30), pure motor neuropathy in 26.7% (8/30). Polyneuropathy was encountered in 46.6% (14/30), poly-radiculopathy in 20% (6/30) along with 23.3% (7/30) as mononeuropathy. Conclusions: peripheral neuropathy was developed in patients with visceral leishmaniasis, frequent occurrence of subclinical neurological manifestations is higher than reported.
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    The flavonoid luteolin reduces mutant huntingtin aggregation and cytotoxicity in huntingtin-mutated neuroblastoma cells
    (Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal, 2023) Ramadan, Azza; Al Mazrouei, Nadia; Mohammed, Abuelnor; Elnour, Asim Ahmed; Sadeq, Adel; Alkaabi, Maisoun; Al-Kubaisi, Khalid Awad; Beshir, Semira Abdi; Menon, Vineetha; AlAmoodi, Abdulla; Sam, Kishore Ganana; Saeed, Ali Awadallah Ali Mohamed; Abdalla, Sami Fatehi; Husse in, Samah Mohammed
    Background: Huntington’s disease is an inherited progressive neurodegenerative disorder caused by an expansion of the polyglutamine tract leading to malformation and aggregation of the mutant huntingtin protein in the cell cytoplasm and nucleus of affected brain regions. The development of neuroprotective agents from plants has received considerable research attention. Objective: Our study aims to investigate the neuroprotective effects of luteolin and the mechanisms that underline its potential mediated protection in the mutant htt neuroblastoma cells. Methods: The mutant htt neuroblastoma cells were transfected with 160Q, and the control wild-type neuro blastoma cells were transfected with 20Q htt for 24 h and later treated with luteolin. Cell viability was deter mined by MTT and PI staining in both groups, while western blotting was used to evaluate caspase 3 protein expression. Aggregation formation was assessed via immunofluorescence microscopy. Also, western blotting was utilized to measure the protein expression of mutant htt aggregated and soluble protein, Nrf2 and HO-1. The impact of Nrf2 on luteolin-treated neuroblastoma cells was assessed using small interfering RNAs. Results: Our study reports that luteolin can protect cultured cells from mutant huntingtin cytotoxicity, evidenced by increased viability and decreased apoptosis. Also, luteolin reduced the accumulation of soluble and insoluble mutant huntingtin aggregates in mutant htt neuroblastoma cells transfected with 160Q compared to the control wild-type. The mutant htt aggregate reduction mediated by luteolin appeared to be independent of the Nrf2 –HO- 1 antioxidant pathway. Conclusion: Luteolin presents a new potential therapeutic and protective agent for the treatment and decreasing the cytotoxicity in neurodegenerative diseases such as Huntington’s disease.
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    Detection of Nonsynonymous Single Variants in Human HLA-DRB1Exon2Associated with Renal Transplant Rejection
    (Medicina, 2023) Hassan, Mohamed M.; Hussain, Mohamed A.; Ali, Sababil S.; Mahdi, Mohammed A.; Mohamed, Nouh Saad; AbdElbagi, Hanadi; Mohamed, Osama; Sherif, Asmaa E.; Osman, Wadah; Ibrahim, Sabrin R. M.; Ghazawi, Kholoud F.; Miski, Samar F.; Mohamed, Gamal A.; Ashour, Ahmed
    Background: HLA-DRB1 is the most polymorphic gene in the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II, and exon 2 is critical because it encodes antigen-binding sites. This study aimed to detect functional or marker genetic variants of HLA-DRB1 exon 2 in renal transplant recipients (acceptance and rejection) using Sanger sequencing. Methods: This hospital-based case-control study collected samples from two hospitals over seven months. The 60 participants were equally divided into three groups: rejection, acceptance, and control. The target regions were amplified and sequenced by PCRandSanger sequencing. Several bioinformatics tools have been used to assess the impact of non-synonymous single-nucleotide variants (nsSNVs) on protein function and structure. The sequences data that support the findings of this study with accession numbers (OQ747803-OQ747862) are available in National Center for Biotechnology Information (GenBank database). Results: Seven SNVs were identified, two of which were novel (chr6(GRCh38.p12): 32584356C>A (K41N) and 32584113C>A (R122R)). Three of the seven SNVs were non-synonymous and found in the rejection group (chr6(GRCh38.p12): 32584356C>A (K41N), 32584304A>G (Y59H), and 32584152T>A (R109S)). The nsSNVs had varying effects on protein function, structure, and physicochemical parameters and could play a role in renal transplant rejection. The chr6(GRCh38.p12):32584152T>A variant showed the greatest impact. This is because of its conserved nature, main domain location, and pathogenic effects on protein structure, function, and stability. Finally, no significant markers were identified in the acceptance samples. Conclusion: Pathogenic variants can affect intramolecular/intermolecular interactions of amino acid residues, protein function/structure, and disease risk. HLA typing based on functional SNVs could be a comprehensive, accurate, and low-cost method for covering all HLA genes while shedding light on previously unknown causes in many graft rejection cases.
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    Assessing the neuroprotective efficacy of atorvastatin in traumatic brain injury: a systematic review protocol
    (Journal of Surgical Protocols and Research Methodologies, 2023) Mugenyi, Nathan; Sakaiwa, Neontle; Darko, Kwadwo; Shituluka, Musakanya; Tango, Tamara; Tunde, Olobatoke; Lordstrong, Akano; Saeed, Ali Awadallah; Kamabu, Larrey Kasereka; Mduma, Emmanuel; Kyaruzi, Victor; Shimber, Emnet; Azouz, Heba; Gankpe, Fortune; Esene, Ignatius; Tirsit, Abenezer
    Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a significant public health threat, with an estimated 5.3 million people in the United States alone living with a disability related to TBI (1). The most common therapies for individuals with TBI at this time include supportive measures, direct monitoring and surgical interventions,but the treatment outcomes following TBI are still poor.Atorvastatin is one of 3-hydroxy 3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors commonly used for treatment reduction of low-density lipoprotein and relief of symptoms in cerebrovascular diseases, however, the recent randomized trials in animal models and human subjects have revealed a promising therapeutic effect for its use in the treatment of TBI that has shown a significant alleviation of neurological dysfunctions. Hence, this systematic review will streamline and provide a comprehensive avenue for understanding more about the dynamics of atorvastatin and its neuroprotective efficacy for the treatment of the severity of TBI and the improvement of functional outcomes. This systematic review will follow the 2020 PRISMA guidelines.Information sources will be obtained from electronic databases such as Pubmed,Cochrane Library, EMBASE and SCOPUS.All patients with TBI that received Atorvastatin will be included.The review will also include original peer-reviewed research articles addressing the efficacy of Atorvastatin in TBI in English. Ethical approval will not be required as there will benohumanparticipantinvolvementinthisstudy.Thefindingsfromthisstudywillbedisseminatedatscientific conferences and published in a reputable peer-reviewed journal.

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