National University - Sudan (NUSU)

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Start date: 2024

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    Effect of Creative Teaching Intervention for Adolescents with Severe Refractory Asthma on their Own Medications Adherence, Asthma Control and Hospital Readmission
    (International Egyptian Journal of Nursing Sciences and Research (IEJNSR), 2024) Hassan, Ghada.A.; Mohammed, Esraa Gamal; Mohamed, Rawia Abd El-ghany
    Background: Severe refractory asthma characterized by difficulty in achieving disease control despite high-intensity treatment. Asthma burden is particularly notable in adolescents and associated with higher rates of prevalence and mortality compared with younger children. So, healthcare professionals should dedicate their effort to educate adolescents with severe refractory asthma. Aim: evaluate the effect of creative teaching intervention for adolescents with severe refractory asthma on their own medications' adherence, asthma control, and hospital readmission. Research design: A quasi- experimental design. Setting: The pediatric in-patient wards at Benha University Hospital. Sample: It is composed of 100 adolescents with severe refractory asthma who attended in the previous setting during study period. Tools of data collection: Tool I; Structured Interview Questionnaire, Tool II; observation checklist, Tool III: Asthma Morisky Medication Adherence Scale, Tool IV; Asthma Control Test. Tool V; Assessment sheet for asthma outcomes. Results: Less than two thirds of the adolescents in study group had high medication adherence level, and approximately two thirds of them had well asthma control, in addition to, two thirds did not readmit to the hospital after 30 post intervention with statistically significant differences between study and control group after the intervention. Conclusion: creative teaching intervention impacted positively on adolescent's knowledge level, practice, medications adherence, asthma control and decrease hospital readmission. Recommendation: Further studies for implementation of other creative teaching interventions for enhancement of asthma care should be done.
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    PI3K/AKT/mTOR Pathway in Breast Cancer Pathogenesis and Therapy: Insights into Phytochemical-Based Therapeutics
    (Nutrition and Cancer, 2025) Wali, Adil Farooq; Talath, Siajunisa; El Tanani, Mohamed; Rangraze, Imran Rashid; Babiker, Rasha; Shafi, Sadat; Bansal, Ruby
    Breast cancer (BC) is listed as the most prevalent cancer form in women worldwide, with major subtypes classified by hormone receptor (HR) and HER2 status including, HR+/HER2– (~65–70%), HER2+ (~15–20%), Triple-Negative-HR–/HER2– (~10–15%) and rare sybtypes (<5%). Scientific evidence has revealed that PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling cascade plays an important role in the development and progression of BC, contributing to key cellular processes including cell growth, proliferation, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Dysregulation of the components of this cascade including functional loss of Phosphatase and TENsin homolog (PTEN), PI3K hyperactivation, and gain-of-function of AKT, are frequently observed in BC subtypes, making it a promising target for therapeutic intervention. A myriad of studies have documented the potential of phytochemicals, including curcumin, chrysin, fisetin, genistein, resveratrol and lycopene as modulators of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR axis. These phytochemicals exhibit multifaceted mechanisms of action, including inhibition of key kinases, induction of apoptosis, suppression of angiogenesis, and reversal of resistance to chemotherapy. This review aims to provide a detailed overview about the role of PI3K/AKT/mTOR alteration in BC development and the current research on phytochemicals that modulate the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in BC. We documented the molecular mechanisms through which these compounds exert their effects, their potential synergistic interactions with conventional therapies, and the challenges and prospects for their clinical application. The evidence presented underscores the promise of phytochemicals as novel, less toxic adjuncts to traditional BC therapies, warranting further exploration and development for clinical use
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    Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Sudanese Candida parapsilosis: a sustainable approach to combat antimicrobial resistance
    (BMC Microbiology, 2025) Ibrahim, Nesreen A. A.; Saeed, Humodi A.; Saeed, Samar M.; Mohamed, Osama; Suliman, Omnia H.; Ibrahim, Sabah A. E.; Mohamed, Sofia B
    Background Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a critical global health challenge, particularly in Sudan, where the overuse and misuse of antibiotics have driven the rise of multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens. Conventional antimicrobial strategies often fall short due to rapid resistance development and limited efficacy, highlighting the need for novel approaches. Nanotechnology offers promising alternatives, with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) demonstrating potent broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. This study aims to develop an eco-friendly synthesis of AgNPs using Candida parapsilosis (C. parapsilosis), an untapped yeast strain isolated from Sudanese soil, to combat AMR. Results Biosynthesis of AgNPs using C. parapsilosis was successfully confirmed through UV-Vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), revealing well-defined nanoparticles. The biosynthesized AgNPs exhibited strong antibacterial activity against both ATCC reference strains and MDR clinical isolates of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, with inhibition zones increasing in a concentration-dependent manner. At optimal concentrations, inhibition zones reached 29 mm for Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P.aeruginosa) (ATCC 27853), while clinical isolates of Salmonella typhi (S. typhi) (24.5 ± 0.58 mm) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) (23.8 ± 0.79 mm) exhibited significant susceptibility. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) assays demonstrated potent bactericidal activity, particularly against E. coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) at 0.3125 mg/mL. Furthermore, AgNPs synergistically enhanced the efficacy of conventional antibiotics in a species- and antibiotic-dependent manner. The strongest synergy was observed in Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) (up to 9.84-fold with Colistin) and Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) (up to 5.11-fold with Ceftazidime), suggesting that AgNP-enhanced antibiotic efficacy varies depending on bacterial species, nanoparticle synthesis method, and antibiotic type. Conclusions This study presents a novel and sustainable approach to tackling AMR by leveraging Sudanese yeast strains for the green synthesis of AgNPs. The findings underscore the potential of AgNPs as an effective antibacterial agent, both independently and in combination with conventional antibiotics, to combat MDR pathogens. By integrating microbiology and nanotechnology, this research offers a cost-effective and environmentally friendly
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    Sudan’s tuberculosis response needs global support amid conflict
    (LANCET, 2025) Al Zamel, Ahmad Mohammad; Saeed, Ali Awadallah; Elmubarak, Mazin; Alsarraj, Mohamed Abdulmonem
    As Sudan enters its third year of war, tuberculosis continues to pose a serious threat to public health amid systemic health-care collapse.1 In 2024 alone, the Federal Ministry of Health in Sudan officially reported 14 310 new tuberculosis cases, reflecting the persistence of the disease despite widespread insecurity and disruption of services.
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    Evaluation of oxidative stress Parameters among Cataracts Patients in Khartoum state
    (International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Applications, 2025) Babakr,Abdullatif Taha; Modawe,Gad Allah; Omer,Naglaa A; Elobeid,Alaa E; Hussein,Aya M; Ahmed, Shaza M; Mahdi,Mahammed A; Wagea Alla,Dalia I; Dafalla,Abuagla M
    Background: Epidemiological studies have consistently shown that oxidative stress plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of various types of diseases includingCataracts, a common eye condition characterized by the clouding of the lens, leading to decreased vision. Objective: The aim of the present study is to compare the plasma levels of Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC), Malondialdehyde (MDA), Catalase (CAT), Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Glutathione peroxidase (GPx),and Glutathione reductase (GRx) activities in Cataracts patients and controls in Khartoum state. Materials and Methods: This study was carried out in hospitals across Khartoum state, from January to April 2023. The study included a total of 100 participants, categorized into 50 Cataracts patients as the case group and 50 healthy subjects as the control group. Data was collected through structured questionnaires and blood sample analyzed. Plasma antioxidant parameters were measured using atomic absorption spectrophotometry methods. Data analysis were performed using SPSS version 27. Results: The levels of plasma MDA, CAT, and SOD enzymes were found to be significantly increased in the case group compared to controls.However, the TAC, GPx, and GRx enzyme levels did not show significant differences between cases and controls. There was no correlation found between the study parameters and the age and duration of disease in patients. Conclusion: Cataracts could be linked to elevated levels of MDA, an indicator of oxidative stress. Additionally, in patients with Cataracts, the enzymes CAT and SOD might increase as a compensatory response to oxidative stress.
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    Unraveling the tumor microenvironment: Insights into cancer metastasis and therapeutic strategies
    (Cancer Letters, 2024) El-Tanani, Mohamed; Rabbani , Syed Arman; Babiker, Rasha; Rangraze, Imran; Kapre, Sumedha; Palakurthi, Sushesh Srivastsa; Alnuqaydan, Abdullah M.; Aljabali, Alaa A.; Rizzo, Manfredi; El-Tanani, Yahia; Tambuwala, Murtaza M.
    This comprehensive review delves into the pivotal role of the tumor microenvironment (TME) in cancer metastasis and therapeutic response, offering fresh insights into the intricate interplay between cancer cells and their surrounding milieu. The TME, a dynamic ecosystem comprising diverse cellular and acellular elements, not only fosters tumor progression but also profoundly affects the efficacy of conventional and emerging cancer therapies. Through nuanced exploration, this review illuminates the multifaceted nature of the TME, elucidating its capacity to engender drug resistance via mechanisms such as hypoxia, immune evasion, and the establishment of physical barriers to drug delivery. Moreover, it investigates innovative therapeutic approaches aimed at targeting the TME, including stromal reprogramming, immune microenvironment modulation, extracellular matrix (ECM)-targeting agents, and personalized medicine strategies, highlighting their po tential to augment treatment outcomes. Furthermore, this review critically evaluates the challenges posed by the complexity and heterogeneity of the TME, which contribute to variable therapeutic responses and potentially unintended consequences. This underscores the need to identify robust biomarkers and advance predictive models to anticipate treatment outcomes, as well as advocate for combination therapies that address multiple facets of the TME. Finally, the review emphasizes the necessity of an interdisciplinary approach and the integration of cutting-edge technologies to unravel the intricacies of the TME, thereby facilitating the development of more effective, adaptable, and personalized cancer treatments. By providing critical insights into the current state of TME research and its implications for the future of oncology, this review highlights the dynamic and evolving landscape of this field.
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    Assessment of DRB1 and DQB1 genotype frequencies in type 1 diabetes: a gender-based study in Sudanese children
    (Journal of Research in Applied and Basic Medical Sciences, 2024) Hussein, Hiba Omer AbdelRhman; Abdalla, Sababi Salih; Salih, Sakeena NourEldine; Abdrabo, Abdelkarim A.; Mahdi, Mohamed Abdelgadir
    Background & Aims: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is an autoimmune condition characterized by the destruction of pancreatic β cells. While environmental factors and autoantibodies play a role, genetic predisposition, particularly involving HLA class II alleles (DR and DQ), is significant. This study aimed to evaluate the frequency of DRB1 and DQB1 genotypes associated with T1D, with a focus on gender differences. Materials & Methods: A total of 187 Sudanese subjects, aged 5 to 18 years, were enrolled, including 87 T1D cases and 100 non diabetic controls. The study was conducted in diabetes hospitals in Khartoum State. HLA gene polymorphisms were assessed using the allele-specific refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction (ARMS-PCR) method. Results: Genotype frequencies for C/C, G/G, and G/C were 11.8%, 66.7%, and 21.6% in females, and 10.2%, 67.3%, and 22.4% in males, respectively. Statistical analysis showed no significant gender-related differences in genotype distributions (Chi-square, p = 0.968). Conclusion: The study found no significant association between genotype distributions and gender in Sudanese children with T1D. This suggests that gender does not significantly influence the distribution of DRB1 and DQB1 genotypes related to T1D in the study population.
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    NLRP3 Inflammasome in Autoinflammatory Diseases and Periodontitis Advance in the Management
    (Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences, 2024) Hashim, Nada; Babiker, Rasha; Mohammed, Riham; Rehman, Mohammed Mustahsen; Chaitanya, Nallan CSK; Gobara, Bakri
    ct Inflammatory chemicals are released by the immune system in response to any perceived danger, including irritants and pathogenic organisms. The caspase activation and the response of inflammation are governed by inflammasomes, which are sensors and transmitters of the innate immune system. They have always been linked to swelling and pain. Research has mainly concentrated on the NOD‑like protein transmitter 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome. Interleukin (IL)‑1 and IL‑18 are pro‑inflammatory cytokines that are activated by the NOD‑like antibody protein receptor 3 (NLRP3), which controls innate immune responses. The NLRP3 inflammasome has been associated with gum disease and other autoimmune inflammatory diseases in several studies. Scientists’ discovery of IL‑1’s central role in the pathophysiology of numerous autoimmune disorders has increased public awareness of these conditions. The first disease to be connected with aberrant inflammasome activation was the autoinflammatory cryopyrin‑associated periodic syndrome (CAPS). Targeted therapeutics against IL‑1 have been delayed in development because their underlying reasons are poorly understood. The NLRP3 inflammasome has recently been related to higher production and activation in periodontitis. Multiple periodontal cell types are controlled by the NLRP3 inflammasome. To promote osteoclast genesis, the NLRP3 inflammasome either increases receptor‑activator of nuclear factor kappa beta ligand (RANKL) synthesis or decreases osteoclast‑promoting gene (OPG) levels. By boosting cytokines that promote inflammation in the periodontal ligament fibroblasts and triggering apoptosis in osteoblasts, the NLRP3 inflammasome regulates immune cell activity. These findings support further investigation into the NLRP3 inflammasome as a therapeutic target for the medical treatment of periodontitis. This article provides a short overview of the NLRP3 inflammatory proteins and discusses their role in the onset of autoinflammatory disorders (AIDs) and periodontitis.
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    The Humanitarian Crisis in Sudan: The Distorted Educational System
    (Napata Scientific Journal,, 2024) Saeed, Ali Awadallah; Kheir, Eman; Gibreel, Omer A.; Khalifa, Samah Elnour; Suliman, Maha Yahia; Almekkawi, Sawsan M.
    Introduction: On 15 April 2023, Battles initially broke out in the capital city, Khartoum, after the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) militia, which used to be under the command of the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF), rebelled. During such a disaster, Sudanese people are expected to reconsider their life priorities, with education coming down after safety and food supply. This, in turn, will result negatively in children's learning outcomes with probable deterioration and or reduction in educational achievement. A report released by the Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research on 28 August 2023 stated that the vandalism affected all 104 higher education and scientific research institutions in Khartoum and several other states. Methodology: This commentary relies on reports from the Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research, along with recent journal articles discussing the consequences of ongoing conflicts. Personal observations as staff in universities contribute to the insights, and data from the students and colleges illuminate the struggles faced by them. Results: The war resulted in the widespread destruction of educational infrastructure, leaving more than 600,000 higher education students uncertain about their academic future. The universities started searching for solutions to overcome the catastrophe and find ways to support their students and staff. Conclusions: The conflict in Sudan disproportionately impacts education, causing disruptions in whole educational process in Sudan. Urgent international intervention is needed to cease the conflict and ensure the safety of higher education and scientific research institutions facilities, and support will be needed for the students, higher education staff and researchers.
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    Hepatitis B Vaccination Status, Knowledge, and Attitudes among Healthcare Workers in Military Hospital, Khartoum State: A Cross‑sectional Study
    (Matrix Science Pharma2024, 2024) Yahia, Saffaa; Babiker, Somia; Mohamed, Moatasem Gasmallah; Ahmed, Abazar Hussin; Babiker, Ameen Awad Al‑Amin; Altayeb, Ehab Ahmed; Hassan, Hassan Gamal; Maisra, Mubark; Saeed, Ali Awadallah
    Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a significant public health issue that causes a substantial number of cases of hepatitis‑related illness and death. It is particularly important to vaccinate healthcare workers (HCWs), as they face a higher risk of HBV infection due to their exposure to infected blood and other bodily fluids in their line of work. The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention currently recommends HBV vaccination for adult populations at risk of infection. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the vaccination status, knowledge, and attitudes of HCWs toward HBV vaccination in a military hospital. Materials and Methods: An institution‑based descriptive cross‑sectional study performed between May 2022 and September 2022 for HCWs working in Omdurman Military Hospital who were available at the time of data collection; data were collected using a self‑administered and online questionnaire; the obtained results were analyzed. Results and Conclusion: Only 50% of HCWs in military hospitals possessed adequate knowledge, while the majority exhibited a positive attitude toward HBV infection. In terms of vaccination status, approximately two‑thirds of HCWs were immunized, but only half of them completed the recommended number of vaccine doses. The educational activities of the infection control training programs should be strengthened to enhance the awareness of HCWs regarding HBV infection and vaccination. It is necessary to implement comprehensive vaccination programs against hepatitis B in various medical fields. In addition, a mandatory and cost‑free policy for hepatitis B vaccination should be established for HCWs and medical students.

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